Ịta ahịhịa
Tallow bụ ụdị anụ ehi ma ọ bụ anụ atụrụ, nke mejupụtara triglycerides.
N'ụlọ ọrụ, a kọwaghị tallow nke ọma dị ka anụ ehi ma ọ bụ anụ anụ. N'okwu a, tallow bụ abụba anụmanụ nke na-agbaso usoro teknụzụ ụfọdụ, gụnyere ebe agbaze ya. Tallow nke azụmahịa na-enwekarị abụba sitere na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka mmanu abuba sitere na ezì, ma ọ bụ ọbụna sitere na isi ihe ọkụkụ.
A na-akpọ ihe siri ike fọdụrụ mgbe a sụgharịrị ya cracklings, greaves, ma ọ bụ ili.[1] A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka Nri anụmanụ, dị ka Nri nkịta.[2][3]
N'ụlọ ọrụ ncha na n'etiti ndị na-enwe mmasị ncha ncha, a na-eji aha tallowate eme ihe na-ezo aka na ncha ndị e ji tallow eme ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-enweta sodium tallowate site na iji sodium hydroxide meghachi omume tallow (lye, caustic soda) ma ọ bụ sodium carbonate (soda ịsa). Ọ mejupụtara ngwakọta mgbanwe nke sodium salts nke fatty acids, dị ka oleic na palmitic.
Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya
dezieTallow bụ 100% abụba, ọkachasị abụba monounsaturated (52%) na abụba saturated (42%), ọ nweghịkwa mmiri, protein ma ọ bụ carbohydrates (tebụl).
- Mkpụrụ abụba siri ike:
- Palmitic acid (C16:0): 26%
- Stearic acid (C18:0): 14%
- Myristic acid (C14:0): 3%
- Monounsaturated fatty acids:
- Oleic acid (C18-1, ω-9): 47%
- Palmitoleic acid (C16:1): 3%
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids:
- Linoleic acid: 3%
- Linolenic acid: 1%
Ojiji
dezie
A na-eji ahịhịa emepụta ncha na nri anụmanụ.
Nri
dezieOjiji dị mkpa nke tallow bụ maka mmepụta nke mkpụmkpụ. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke pemmican nri nwa amaala America. Site na ebe anwụrụ ọkụ nke 480 °F (249 °C), a na-eji tallow eme ihe n'ụzọ ọdịnala ma bụrụ nke a masịrị ya maka ojiji nke a ruo mgbe ịrị elu nke ewu ewu nke mmanụ osisi maka ighe. Tupu ọ gbanwee gaa na mmanụ ihe oriri dị ọcha na 1990, [7] McDonald siri ya fries French na ngwakọta nke 93% beef tallow na 7% mmanụ owu.[8]. Dị ka akụkọ 1985 na The New York Times si kwuo, a na-ejikwa tallow maka frying na Burger King, Wendy's, Hardee's, Arby's, Dairy Queen, Popeyes, na Bob's Big Boy.[9] Otú ọ dị, Tallow na-emeghachi azụ na mpaghara nri ụfọdụ.[4]
Ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu egbu
dezieGreaves (nke a na-akpọkwa ili) ma ọ bụ cracklings bụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke fọdụrụ na nsụgharị, [1] nke a na-agbanyekarị n'ime achịcha ma jiri ya mee ihe maka Nri anụmanụ, ọkachasị maka nkịta na ezì, ma ọ bụ dị ka Ọnyà azụ. [5] N'oge gara aga, a na-ahọrọ ya ma na-ezere ya na Nri nkịta.[2][3]
Mmanụ ala
dezieBiodiesel
dezieEnwere ike iji tallow mee ihe maka mmepụta nke Biodiesel n'otu ụzọ ahụ a na-eji mmanụ sitere na osisi eme ihe ugbu a.[6]
Mmanụ ụgbọelu
dezieNdị Agha Ụgbọelu nke United States enwetala ihe ịga nke ọma na iji anụ ehi na mmanụ ụgbọelu. N'ime ụbọchị ise nke nnwale ụgbọ elu site na August 23 ruo 27, 2010, na Edwards Air Force Base, California, ụgbọ elu US Air Force C-17 Globemaster III ji JP-8 jet fuel na atọ n'ime injin ya na ngwakọta 50/50 nke JP-8 na HRJ biofuel mere site na anụ ehi na otu injin na August 23, sochiri ụgbọ elu na otu 50/50 ngwakọta na injin anọ niile na August 24. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọ na-efe efe site na iji ngwakọta nke 50% JP-8, 25% HRJ, na 25% coal-based fuel mere site na Usoro Fischer-Tropsch, na-aghọ ụgbọelu mbụ nke United States Department of Defense na-efe na ngwakọta dị otú ahụ na ụgbọelu mbụ na-arụ ọrụ site na Edwards site na iji mmanụ sitere na anụ ehi.[7]
Mbipụta
dezieTallow nwekwara ihe eji eme ihe n'ịmepụta akwụkwọ, ebe a na-ejikọta ya na bitumen ma tinye ya na mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè iji guzogide acid etching.
Ojiji a na-eji obere ahịhịa dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ihe eji eme ihe na Akwụkwọ ego polymer pụtara na Nọvemba 2016. A chọpụtara na ihe edeturu na mba 24 gụnyere Canada, Australia, na United Kingdom metụtara, na-eduga na mmegide sitere n'aka ndị na-eri nri na ndị otu okpukpe ụfọdụ.[8][9]
kandụl
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A na-eji Tallow eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe iji mee kandụl a kpụrụ akpụ tupu ụdị wax ndị ọzọ dị mfe adị - na oge ụfọdụ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ebe ọ bụ na ha nọgidere na-abụ ihe ọzọ dị ọnụ ala. Maka ndị dara ogbenye ọbụna iji kandụl a kpụrụ akpụ, "tallow dip" - ahịhịa a wụsara n'ime tallow a gbazere agbaze ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ akwa na-ere ọkụ n'ime ite mmanụ tallow - bụ ihe a na-enweta n'ọnọdụ. A na-akpọkarị kandụl dị otú ahụ "dip" ma ọ bụ, n'ihi ọnụ ala ya, "farthing dip" ma ọ dị "penny dip".[10][11]
Mmiri na-agbapụta
dezieNa mbido mmepe nke injin piston na-arụ ọrụ na steam, ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri na-asa ọtụtụ mmanụ ngwa ngwa. N'oge na-adịghị anya, a chọpụtara na ahịhịa na-eguzogide ịsa ahụ a. A na-eji tallow na compounds gụnyere tallow mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe iji mee ka engines ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ụgbọ mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ruo n'afọ 1950. (N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri ndị na-eji uzuoku eme ihe gwụrụ ihe, na-eduga n'ịkụ nnukwu osisi rapeseed n'ihi na mmanụ rapeseed na-eguzogide mmetụta ịsa ahụ.) A ka na-eji Tallow eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ na-agbagharị ígwè iji nye mmanụ achọrọ ka a na-agbanye ígwè site na rollers ígwè. E nwere ihe na-aga n'ihu iji mmanụ aka dochie mmanụ na-adabere na tallow na ngwa na-agagharị maka ihe ndị dị ọcha n'elu.[12]
Ojiji ọzọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ dị ka mmanụ maka ụdị ọrụ injinia ọkụ ụfọdụ, dị ka ịkpụ eriri na paịpụ eletrik. A na-enweta ihe ndị ọkachamara na-egbutu, mana tallow bụ mmanụ ọdịnala nke dị mfe maka iji ya eme ihe dị ọnụ ala na nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe.
Ojiji a na-eji abụba ma ọ bụ abụba eme ihe iji mee ka égbè dị mmanụ bụ ihe malitere nnupụisi ndị India nke 1857. Iji tinye Pattern 1853 Enfield Rifle ọhụrụ, ndị Sepoys ga-ata cartridge ahụ. E kwenyere na cartridges akwụkwọ ndị bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na égbè ahụ bụ ndị e ji abụba (amị anụ ezì), nke ndị Alakụba weere dị ka ihe na-adịghị ọcha, ma ọ bụ tallow (amị ehi), nke na-ekwekọghị na iwu nri Hindu. A na-ejikwa Tallow, tinyere wax aṅụ, mee ihe na mmanụ maka mgbọ agha obodo America nke e ji mee ihe na Springfield rifled musket. A ka na-eji ngwakọta nke ụgbụ atụrụ, paraffin wax na wax aṅụ dị ka patch ma ọ bụ lubricant projectile na ogwe aka ojii nke oge a.
A na-ejikwa Tallow mee ihe na mgbịrịgba ọdịnala, dị ka nkewa maka mgbịrịgba ụgha mgbe a na-atụ ya.[13]
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe
dezieEnwere ike iji tallow mee ihe dị ka flux maka ịgbado ọkụ.[14]
Uwe
dezieA na-eji mutton tallow eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka starch, lubricant na softener na mmepụta akwa. Usoro ọgwụgwọ na akwa gụnyere usoro a na-akpọ sizing. N'ịmepụta, kemịkal dị mkpa iji nye ike achọrọ maka eriri a na-etinye na akwa. Mutton tallow na-enye ike na mmanụ achọrọ na eriri.
Hụkwa
dezie- Suet
- Ịdọrọ
Ebem si de
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Greaves: a high-protein solid which is left following the extraction of tallow from animal by-products during the rendering process.. Archived from the original on 2019-06-22. Retrieved on 2018-10-28. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "tyson" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nicolas Jean Baptiste Boyard, Manuel du bouvier et zoophile: ou l'art d'élever de soigner les animaux 1844, 327
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Sportsman's Dictionary; Or, The Gentleman's Companion: for Town and Country. G. G. J. and J. Robinson (December 6, 1785). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "sports" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Ramachandran (September 21, 2018). "Food Trends and Popular Nutrition Advice Online – Implications for Public Health". Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 10 (2): e213. DOI:10.5210/ojphi.v10i2.9306. ISSN 1947-2579. PMID 30349631.
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, s.v.
- ↑ Thamsiriroj (2011). "The impact of the life cycle analysis methodology on whether biodiesel produced from residues can meet the EU sustainability criteria for biofuel facilities constructed after 2017", Renewable Energy, 36, 50-63.
- ↑ C-17 Conducts Flight Test With Biofuel - Aero-News Network. www.aero-news.net.
- ↑ Why there is processed cow in Canada's money. Hint: you can blame it on the polymer. nationalpost.com (November 30, 2016).
- ↑ Petroff (30 November 2016). It's not just the U.K. These countries also have animal fat in their money. cnn.com.
- ↑ E. Cobham Brewer (2001). Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 9781840223101.
- ↑ (2013) The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle for 1866. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108054904.
- ↑ Cold rolling mill lubricant - US Patent 4891161. patentstorm.us. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved on April 5, 2007.
- ↑ Forschungen (2002). Glockenguss (de). ISBN 978-3-7001-3043-7. Retrieved on 2022-10-28.
- ↑ Tech Help-Flux. www.fantasyinglass.com.