Ịkụ (anụmanụ)
Ịkụ mkpụrụ bụ iwepụ akụkụ ma ọ bụ ihe niile dị na mpụga ntị anụmanụ. Usoro a na-agụnye mgbe ụfọdụ nkwado nkwado na ịpị ntị nke fọdụrụnụ iji zụọ ha ka ha tụọ aka ọtọ. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nanị na-eme na nkịta, ọ bụ omume ochie nke e mere maka ahụike aghọtara, ihe bara uru ma ọ bụ ihe ịchọ mma. Sayensị ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ na-ekwu na ọ nweghị uru ahụike ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ maka anụmanụ site na usoro ahụ, na-eduga na nchegbu nke obi ọjọọ nke anụmanụ maka ịwa anụmanụ na-enweghị isi. N'oge a, amachibidoro ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ n'ọtụtụ mba, mana ọ ka bụ nke iwu kwadoro na mba ole na ole. Ebe a na-anabata ya, a na-ahụ ya naanị n'ụdị nkịta ụfọdụ, dị ka olulu ehi na ụdị anụ ọhịa, Doberman Pinscher, Schnauzer, Great Dane, Boxer na Cane Corso..
Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ebumnuche
dezieN'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eme ihe ọkụkụ na nkịta na-arụ ọrụ dịka a kwenyere na ọ ga-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke nsogbu ahụike, dị ka ọrịa ntị ma ọ bụ hematomas. A na-akọkwa ihe ọkụkụ na nkịta ndị nwere ike ịdị mkpa ịlụ ọgụ, ma ọ bụ mgbe ha na-achụ nta anụ ndị nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ ma ọ bụ na-echebe ìgwè anụ ụlọ n'aka ndị na-eri anụ, ma ọ bụ n'ihi na a na-eji ha eme egwuregwu ọgụ dị ka ọgụ nkịta ma ọ bụ anụ ọhịa bea..[1][2]
Akụkọ mmalite
dezieOmume Ndị Rom bụ ịkụ nkịta ntị iji zere mmebi na mmerụ ahụ n'ịlụ ọgụ ịchụ nta; na ọdụ ọdụ a na-eme iji zere ibufe ọrịa rabies.[3]
Ụdị ndị nche
dezieỊkpụ ntị nke Nkịta na-echebe anụ ụlọ bụ, ma ọ ka nwere ike ịbụ, omenala n'ọdịbendị ụfọdụ. A na-egbutu ntị nke nkịta ndị a na-eche nche - dị ka Caucasian Shepherd Dog [4] na Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog - iji belata ohere nke anụ ọhịa wolf ma ọ bụ nkịta ndị iro na-ejide ha. [5]
Dị ka otu nkọwa si kwuo, a na-akụ ihe ubi mgbe a na-enye ụmụ nkịta ara, n'ihe dị ka izu isii. Ọ bụ onye ọzụzụ atụrụ meworo agadi ma ọ bụ ọkachamara na-eme ya, na-eji ụta nkịtị a na-eji akpụ isi, nke a na-akpụ akpụ nke ọma. A na-ebipụ ntị ya ma ọ bụ ruo n'ókè dị ka nke nkịta ọhịa, ma ọ bụ gbaa gburugburu dị ka nke anụ ọhịa bea. A na-ebu ụzọ sie oghere ndị e wepụrụ, [6] mgbe ahụ, nye nwa nkịta ka ọ rie, na nkwenye na ọ ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe "na-esi ísì ụtọ". [5] Ụzọ ọzọ bụ iwepụ ntị n'aka ụmụ nkịta a mụrụ ọhụrụ site na ịmegharị ha; Otú ọ dị, nke a hapụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ntị mpụga na nkịta ahụ.[5] A kọwara ma igbu ntị na iji okpu olu nwere spiked ihe karịrị narị afọ atọ gara aga, dị ka ihe nchebe megide anụ ọhịa wolf.[7]
Ịlụ ọgụ
dezieDị ka ụdị ndị na-eche nche, na ọgụ egwuregwu, a na-eji ihe ọkụkụ eme ihe iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ịta ntị na ijide ya. Ntị bụ ihe dị mfe maka anụmanụ na-emegide ya ijide ma ọ bụ dọwaa ya.[1] Nkịta nwere ike igbu ntị ha, n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, maka isonye na ọgụ nkịta, n'onwe ha iwu na-akwadoghị n'ọtụtụ ikike.[8][9]
Omume nke oge a
dezieN'afọ 2000, dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ Bruce Fogle dere, sị: [10]
Usoro
dezieA maara usoro ọgwụ anụmanụ dị ka "cosmetic Otoplasty", ma na-agụnye iwepụ akụkụ nke pinnae, mpụga flap nke ntị. A na-emekarị ka ụmụ nkịta na-egbutu ihe mgbe ha dị izu 7 ruo 12. Mgbe izu iri na isii gasịrị, usoro ahụ na-afụ ụfụ karịa ma anụmanụ ahụ nwere ncheta ihe mgbu ka ukwuu.[1] A na-ewepụkarị ihe ruru nke oghere ntị n'ọrụ ịkpụcha, a na-ejikwa ihe na-emechi ọnụ ọnyá ahụ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-ekpuchi ntị. A na-etinye ihe ọkụkụ ogologo ruo mgbe ha gwọrọ n'ụdị kwesịrị ekwesị.[11] A na-atụ aro ka a mee usoro ahụ n'okpuru anesthesia n'ozuzu; nchegbu ndị mmegide na-elekwasị anya na mgbu mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị.[12]
Ụlọ akwụkwọ anụmanụ ndị America anaghị akụzi ihe ọkụkụ (ma ọ bụ ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri), ya mere ndị dọkịta anụmanụ na-eme omume ahụ ga-amụta ọrụ ahụ. Enwekwara nsogbu na ndị na-amụrụ ihe na-eme ka ntị na-egbutu, ọkachasị na ụlọ nkịta.[13]
N'ime afọ 100 gara aga ma ọ bụ karịa, a na-eme ka a na-egbutu ntị ugboro ugboro maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma. [2][14] Na mba na steeti ebe ọ ka bụ iwu, a na-emekarị ya n'ihi na achọrọ ya dị ka akụkụ nke ụkpụrụ agbụrụ maka ngosi na Ihe ngosi nkịta. Na US, ọ bụ ezie na ịdọrọ ọdụ, iwepụ akara igwu mmiri, na usoro neutering ka bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ịkpụ ntị na-ebelata, ma e wezụga n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ngosi nkịta.[14] Ụfọdụ ndị na-asọmpi mgbaaka na-ekwu na ha ga-akwụsị omume ahụ kpamkpam ma ọ bụrụ na ha ka nwere ike "mmeri na mgbaaka".[15]
Ihe atụ nke ụdị owuwe ihe ubi
dezie
Ahụike anụmanụ na iwu
dezieOmume a megidere iwu n'ọtụtụ Europe, gụnyere mba niile kwadoro European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals, na ọtụtụ mba ndị so na Fédération Cynologique Internationale.[16] Ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị na mpaghara nke Spain na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke Canada.
A ka na-akụ ntị n'ọtụtụ ebe na United States na akụkụ nke Canada, na ihe dịka ụmụ nkịta 130,000 na United States chere na a na-akụ ntụrụndụ ha kwa afọ.[17] American Kennel Club (AKC) na Canadian Kennel Club na-ekwe ka omume ahụ. Ọnọdụ AKC bụ na ịkpụcha ntị na ịkpụchi ọdụ bụ "omume a na-anabata nke dị mkpa iji kọwaa ma chekwaa àgwà agbụrụ na / ma ọ bụ melite ahụike dị mma. " Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ steeti n'otu n'otu agbalịwo ịmachibido ịkpụ ntị, enwere mmegide siri ike site na ụfọdụ òtù agbụrụ nkịta, ndị na-ekwu maka nchegbu ahụike na ọdịnala.[18][19]
American Veterinary Medical Association "na-emegide igbu ntị na ịkwụnye ọdụ nke nkịta mgbe emechara naanị maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma" ma "na-agba ume iwepụ igbu ntị na ọdụ site na ụkpụrụ ọmụmụ". [20]
N'afọ 2009, Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụ Anụmanụ Banfield Pet Hospital kwupụtara na ha agaghịzi eme ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ịkpụ ntị ma ọ bụ idobe nkịta.[15]
A na-atụ aro na ịkụ mkpụrụ nwere ike igbochi ikike nkịta iji akara ntị na-ekwurịta okwu, agbanyeghị, enwebeghị ọmụmụ sayensị atụnyere nzikọrịta ozi ntị n'ime nkịta ndị a kpụrụ akpụ na ndị na-akụghị ahịhịa.
Ọnọdụ iwu site na mba
dezieCountry | Status | Ban/restriction date (if applicable) |
---|---|---|
Australia | Banned [21][22] | |
Austria | Banned[23] | 1 January 2005 |
Belgium | Banned[23] | 1 January 2006 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Banned[24] | |
Brazil | Banned for cosmetic purposes[23] | |
Bulgaria | Banned | 1 February 2005 |
Canada | Canada has no federal law banning pet cosmetic surgery. The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association opposes all cosmetic alterations.[25] Two provinces have provincial legislation prohibiting ear cropping, tail docking, and most cosmetic surgeries: Prince Edward Island (☨1)[26] and Newfoundland and Labrador (☨2).
Three provinces' veterinary associations ban all veterinarians from performing cosmetic surgeries on pets: New Brunswick (☨3),[23] Nova Scotia (☨4), and Quebec[27] (☨5) Three provincial veterinary associations have bans on ear cropping alone: Manitoba (☨6),[28] British Columbia (☨7),[29] and Saskatchewan (☨8).[30] |
☨1: 10 July 2015 ☨2: 1978 ☨3: 15 October 2008 ☨4: 1 April 2010 ☨5: 1 January 2017 ☨6: 3 February 2012 ☨7: 2015 ☨8: 2013 |
Croatia | Banned[23] | 2007[31] |
Cyprus | Banned[23] | 1993 |
Czech Republic | Banned[32] | 1 April 1999 |
Denmark | Banned[21] | 1 June 1996 |
England | Banned[33] | 1899 |
Estonia | Banned[23] | 2001 |
Finland | Banned[34] | 15 February 1971 |
France | Banned[35] | 1 January 2010 |
Germany | Banned[32] | 1 May 1992 |
Greece | Banned[23] | 27 February 1992 |
Hungary | Banned[23] | |
Iceland | Banned[23] | 2001 |
India | Previously restricted, currently unrestricted [36] | |
Ireland | Banned[37] | |
Israel | Banned[38] | 2000 |
Italy | Banned[32] | 1 November 2011 |
Latvia | Banned[23] | |
Lithuania | Banned[23] | |
Luxembourg | Banned[32] | 1 May 1992 |
Netherlands | Banned[23] | 1 September 2001 |
New Zealand | Banned[21] | 2004 |
Northern Ireland | Banned[23][33] | 2011 |
Norway | Banned[21] | 1954 |
Poland | Banned[23] | 1997 |
Portugal | Banned[32] | 1 January 1994 |
Romania | Banned[23] | 2008 |
Russia | Restricted[Tinye edensibịa] | |
Scotland | Banned[23][39][33] | 1899 |
Serbia | Banned[40] | 2019 |
Slovakia | Banned[23] | 1 January 2003 |
Slovenia | Banned[41] | April 2007 |
South Africa | Banned[23] | June 2008 |
Spain | Banned in autonomies of Catalonia and Andalucia[23] | |
Sweden | Banned[42] | 1989 |
Switzerland | Banned[23] | 1997 |
Turkey | Banned[43] | 2004 |
United States | UnrestrictedÀtụ:Refn | 2003 |
Virgin Islands | Banned[23] | 2005 |
Wales | Banned[23][39][33] | 1899 |
Anụmanụ ndị na-abụghị nkịta
dezieỊkpụpụta akụkụ buru ibu nke pinnae nke anụmanụ ndị ọzọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọ bụ ezie na ịkpụpụta ọdịdị na pinnae anụ ụlọ, nke a na-akpọ earmarks, bụ ihe a ma ama tupu iwebata akara ntị iwu. A ka na-eji iwepụ akụkụ nke ntị nke òké ụlọ nyocha ma ọ bụ nwamba na-enweghị eriri maka njirimara, ya bụ, ịpị ntị ma ọ bụ ịpị isi ntị.[44] Omume nke ịkpa ihe maka ebumnuche ntecha bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na ndị na-abụghị nkịta, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ anụmanụ a na-azụlite nwere obere ntị nke nwere ike ịghọtahie maka ịkpa ihe.[note 2]
Hụkwa
dezie- Okpokoro (ọdụ nkịta)
- Ịkpụzi ntị (ntị mmadụ)
- Nchịkọta nke usoro mwakpo na-emetụta ụmụ anụmanụ
Ihe edeturu
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Ebem si dee
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedBriar
- ↑ 2.0 2.1
Murgai (1996). Handbook on Dogs. New Delhi, IN: New Age International. ISBN 9788122408935. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "murgai" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Mills (2016-06-27). "Tail Docking and Ear Cropping Dogs: Public Awareness and Perceptions". PLOS ONE 11 (6): e0158131. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0158131. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 27348817.
- ↑ Samsonova (2 February 2011). Caucasian Shepherd Dog (Kavkazskaïa Ovtcharka). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2
Breber (1983). "The Maremmano-Abruzzese shepherd dog", Il Cane da Pastore Maremmano-Abruzzese, 2nd (in it), Olimpia: Firenze, 98–99.
Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "breber" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ MacDonell (1907). In the Abruzzi, Atkinson, Amy (illustrator), New York, NY: F.A. Stokes.
- ↑ [[Jean de la Fontaine|Àtụ:Nobr]] [1678] (1862). "Fable 9", The Fables of la Fontaine, English (in en-UK), London, UK: Miller. “translated in verse from the French”
- ↑ Curtis (2002). City Dog: Choosing and living well with a dog in town. New York, NY: Lantern Books. ISBN 978-1-59056-000-6.
- ↑ Robert (2006). Occupational Hearing Loss, 3rd, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 9781420015478.
- ↑ Fogle (2000). KISS Guide to Living with a Dog. Dorling-Kindersley. ISBN 0789459760.
- ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs nameddoggies
- ↑ Literature Review on the Welfare Implications of Ear Cropping-Dogs. American Veterinary Medical Association (March 13, 2013).
- ↑ Broughton (2003). Cropping and Docking: A Discussion of the Controversy and the Role of Law in Preventing Unnecessary Cosmetic Surgery on Dogs. Animal Legal & Historical Center. Michigan State University College of Law.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedCFHS
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Weise (30 July 2011). Banfield pet hospitals ban tail docking, ear cropping on dogs. USA Today. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "USAtoday" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Fogle (2000). KISS Guide to Living with a Dog. Dorling-Kindersley. ISBN 0789459760.
- ↑ Cropping and Docking: A Discussion of the Controversy and the Role of Law in Preventing Unnecessary Cosmetic Surgery on Dogs. Animallaw.info. Retrieved on 2013-04-17.
- ↑ New Call to Action for Amended NY State Crop/Dock Bill. American Kennel Club (9 June 2006). Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved on 31 December 2007.
- ↑ Abraham, S. (1993). Sad lesson learned. American Kennel Club Gazette, American Boxer Club. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved on January 18, 2016.
- ↑ Ear cropping and tail docking of dogs. American Veterinary Medical Association. Archived from the original on May 20, 2020.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Ear cropping and tail docking. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies. Archived from the original on 2011-09-09. Retrieved on 2011-09-13.
- ↑ Wynn (2014-06-11). "World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2001".
- ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 23.16 23.17 23.18 23.19 23.20 23.21 23.22 Υπουργείο Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης και Τροφίμων Àtụ:Pipe Δικτυακός Τόπος Διαβουλεύσεων (el). Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece (April 2011).
- ↑ Zakon o zaštiti i dobrobiti životinja (bs). Retrieved on 26 March 2021.
- ↑ CVMA Àtụ:Pipe Documents Àtụ:Pipe Cosmetic Alteration – Position Statement. www.canadianveterinarians.net. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved on 20 March 2016.
- ↑ Cormier (November 4, 2015). Animal Welfare Act outlaws animal ear cropping and tail docking. CBC News.
- ↑ "Quebec's order of veterinarians bans pet cosmetic surgery", CBC News, 6 February 2016. Retrieved on 20 March 2016.
- ↑ Ear cropping of dogs banned in Manitoba. CBC News (February 10, 2012).
- ↑ "Cosmetic ear cropping banned by B.C. veterinarians", CBC New - British Columbia, 28 October 2015. Retrieved on 20 March 2016.
- ↑ Bylaws Of the Saskatchewan Veterinary Medical Association (September 17, 2015). Archived from the original on 2016-10-06. Retrieved on 2016-03-20.
- ↑ Rep sa sretnim završetkom (hr). Jutarnji list (11 January 2008). Retrieved on 26 March 2021.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 "Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 125 - European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals". Treaty Office. 14 October 2020.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Animal Welfare Act 2006. legislation.gov.uk (8 November 2006).
- ↑ Oy. FINLEX - Säädökset alkuperäisinä: Eläinsuojelulaki 91/1971 (Finnish Animal Protection Law) (fi). finlex.fi.
- ↑ Sous-section 2 : Dispositions relatives aux animaux de compagnie (Articles R214-19-1 à R214-34) - Légifrance (fr). www.legifrance.gouv.fr.
- ↑ Ajay Sura (Apr 14, 2013). Now, you can dock dogs' tail. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2013-05-15.
- ↑ Minister McConalogue announces new legislation to protect dogs from ear cropping (en). www.gov.ie (25 August 2023).
- ↑ A review of the scientific aspects and veterinary opinions relating to tail docking in dogs. defra.gov.uk (2005). Archived from the original on June 26, 2007.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedjohnston
- ↑ Zakon o Dobrobiti Životinja. Retrieved on 1 January 2019.
- ↑ Zakon o zaščiti živali (Uradno prečiščeno besedilo) (ZZZiv-UPB1). Archived from the original on 2010-02-09. Retrieved on 2009-09-09. Slovene Animal Protection Act (in Slovene)
- ↑ Djurskyddsbestämmelser - Hund. Retrieved on 2021-01-25.
- ↑ 5199 Animal Protection Law - Article 8. Laws , Regulations in Turkey. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
- ↑ Eartipping. Neighborhood Cats. Retrieved on 24 March 2022.