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Ịhi ụra na-ihu ọrụ

Ịrahụ ụra mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihi ụra n'ọrụ - ihi ụra mgbe mmadụ na-ekwesịghị - a na-ahụ ya dị ka ajọ omume na ihe ndabere maka ịdọ aka ná ntị, gụnyere ịkwụsị ọrụ, n'ọrụ ụfọdụ.[1][2] Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e nweela mmegharị iji kwado ihi ụra, ma ọ bụ ihi ụra n'ọrụ, na ọmụmụ sayensị na-egosipụta uru ahụike na mmepụta ihe, na ihe karịrị 6% nke ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ na mba ụfọdụ na-enye ụlọ ọrụ iji mee ya.[3][4][5] N'ụdị ọrụ ụfọdụ, dị ka mgbanyụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ nlekọta, ihi ụra ma ọ idina ala akụkụ nke ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ a tụrụ anya ya nke oge ọrụ a na-akwụ ụgwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ na-ehi ụra mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ya n'amaghị ama ma na-atụ anya na a gaghị ejide ha, ndị ọzọ na-ezube n'ezi obi ka ha nọrọ na-amụ anya, ma na mberede na-ada.

Onye ọrụ nchekwa na-ehi ụra n'ọrụ

Ihi ụra mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ bụ okwu dị mkpa nke na a na-ekwu maka ya n'akwụkwọ ntuziaka ndị ọrụ n'ebe ọrụ ụfọdụ.[6] Nchegbu ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ nwere ike ịgụnye enweghị arụpụta ihe, ọdịdị na-abụghị nke ọkachamara, na ihe ize ndụ nke nwere ike ime mgbe ọrụ onye ọrụ ahụ gụnyere ikiri iji gbochie ọnọdụ dị ize ndụ.[7] N'ọrụ ụfọdụ, dị ka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala gwongworo na ndị ụgbọ ala, ma ọ bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ igwe dị arọ, ihi ụra mgbe ha na-arụ na-etinye ndụ n'ihe ize ndụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ mba, ndị ọrụ a kwesịrị izu ike na izu ike kwa awa ole na ole.

Ugboro ole a na-eme ya

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Ugboro ole ma ole ị na-ehi ụra mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na-adịgasị iche dabere na oge nke ụbọchị. Ndị ọrụ ehihie nwere ike ihi ụra dị mkpirikpi, ebe ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-eli ozu nwere ohere dị elu nke ihi ụra maka akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ọrụ ha, mgbe ụfọdụ n'amaghị ama.

Nnyocha nke National Sleep Foundation achọpụtala na pasent iri atọ nke ndị sonyere ekwetawo na ha na-ehi ụra mgbe ha nọ n'ọrụ.[8][9] Ihe karịrị pasent 90 nke ndị America enweela nsogbu n'ọrụ n'ihi ụra abalị na-adịghị mma. Otu onye n'ime mmadụ anọ kwetara na ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọrụ ahụ n'ihi otu ihe ahụ, ma ọ bụ na-akpọ ndị ọrịa ma ọ bụ ụra n'oge ọrụ.[10]

Ihe echere/echereche

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Ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ nwere echiche dịgasị iche iche banyere ihi ụra mgbe ha nọ n'ọrụ. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ewepụtala iwu iji kwe ka ndị ọrụ na-ehi ụra n'oge ọrụ iji melite mmepụta ihe ebe ndị ọzọ siri ike mgbe ha na ndị ọrụ na'ụra na-ewute mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ ma na-eji usoro teknụzụ dị elu, dị ka nlekota vidiyo, iji jide ndị ọrụ ha nwere ike na-e ụra n'ọrụ.[11] Ndị e jidere na mmebi iwu nwere ike ịnwe ntaramahụhụ dịka nkwụsị ma ọ bụ ịchụpụ ha.

Ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ na-ehi ụra, na-ebili, ma ọ bụ na-aṅụ ọkụ naanị n'oge ezumike ha nyere ha n'ọrụ. Nke a nwere ike ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị ekwe, dabere na iwu onye were ya n'ọrụ. Ụfọdụ ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ nwere ike ịmachibido ihi ụra, ọbụlagodi n'oge ezumike a na-akwụghị ụgwọ, maka ihe dị iche iche, dị ka ọdịdị na-enweghị ọrụ nke onye ọrụ na-ehi ụra, mkpa onye ọrụ dị n'oge ọnọdụ mberede, ma ọ bụ iwu iwu. Ndị ọrụ nwere ike itinye ndị ọzọ n'ihe ize ndụ site n'ịrahụ ụra n'ọrụ nwere ike ịnagide ihe siri ike karị, dị ka ntaramahụhụ iwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-anya ụgbọelu nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nkè ịla n'iyi n'akwụkwọ ikike ha.[12]

N'ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ na omenala ọrụ, a na-ekwe ka ị na-ehi ụra n'ebe ọrụ ma na-agba ya ume. Omenala ọrụ dị otú ahụ na-enwekarị usoro ihe omume na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ọrụ dịgasị iche iche nwere oge siri ike ebe ndị ọrụ na-eche na ha enweghị ike iji oge na-agagharị. N'ebe ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ inye ndị ọrụ ihe ihi ụra, dị ka sofa na / ma ọ bụ matarasị na blanket. Omume a bụ a na-ahụkarị na mmalite na n'oge mkpọsa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[13] Na omenala ọrụ ndị ahụ, a na-ahụ ụra n'ọfịs dị ka ihe akaebe nke nraranye.

N'afọ 1968, ndị uwe ojii nọ na New York kwetara na ihi ụra mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ bụ omenala.[14]

Na Japan, omume nke ihi ụra n'ihu ọha, nke a na-akpọ inemuri (居眠り, lit. "ọnụ mgbe ị na-ehi ụra"), nwere ike ime na nzukọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ klas. Brigitte Steger, onye ọkà mmụta nke na-elekwasị anya na ọdịbendị ndị Japan, na-ede na a na-ewere ihi ụra n'ọrụ dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke nraranye n'ọrụ ahụ, nke mere na mmadụ anọgidewo na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ rụọ ọrụ ruo n'ókè nke ike ọgwụgwụ zuru oke, ya mere enwere ike ịgbaghara ya.[15][16]

Ihe omume ndị a ma ama

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Ndị na-anya ụgbọelu

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Febụwarị 2008 - ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu na-aga! A kwụsịtụrụ ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu n'oge nyocha mgbe a na-enyo enyo na ha dara n'etiti ụgbọ elu si Honolulu, Hawaii gaa Hilo, Hawaii, nke mere ka ha gbaba n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Hilo n'ihe dịka kilomita 24 (kilomita 15) tupu ha atụgharịa n'ala n'enweghị nsogbu.[17] Jenụwarị 2024 - A kwụsịtụrụ ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu Batik Air n'oge nyocha mgbe a na-enyo enyo na ha dara n'ụra n'etiti ụgbọ elu Haluoleo International Airport na ọdụ ụgbọ elu International Soekarno-Hatta, nke butere nnukwu ihe karịrị 210 nautical kilomita site na ndekọ ikpeazụ nke ọrụ SIC. Onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere ụmụ ejima dị ọnwa n'ụlọ ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike ka ya na ezinụlọ ya kwaga n'ụlọ ọhụrụ n'oge ezumike.[18]

Ndị na-ahụ maka ụgbọelu

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  • Ọktoba 1984 - Ụgbọelu Aeroflot 3352 kụrụ ụgbọala na-arụzi ihe n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ elu mgbe ọ na-anwa ịdakwasị na Omsk, Russia. Onye na-ahụ maka ala, onye na-ehi ụra n'abalị n'ihi na ọ ghọrọ nna ụmụ abụọ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, hapụrụ ndị ọrụ ka ha kpọọ nkụ n'okporo ụzọ n'oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo wee hie ụra n'ọrụ. Mmadụ 178 nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ahụ; onye na-ahụ anya mechara gbuo onwe ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.
  • Ọktọba 2007 - A kwụsịtụrụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụgbọelu anọ n'Ịtali mgbe ha na-ehi ụra mgbe ha na ya na-arụ ọrụ.[17]
  • Machị 2011 - onye na-ahụ maka ụgbọelu n'abalị na Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport dara n'ụra n'ọrụ. N'oge ọ na-ehi ụra, ụgbọelu abụọ dara n'enweghị nsogbu.[18] N'ime izu ndị sochirinụ, e nwere ihe ndị ọzọ yiri ya ma kpughere na ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ụgbọelu na-arụ ọrụ na-ehi ụra n'ụlọ elu ahụ. Nke a mere ka onye isi ụgbọelu United States Hank Krakowski gbaa arụkwaghịm ma setịpụ iwu ọhụrụ nke chọrọ ka ndị nchịkwa abụọ nọrọ n'ọrụ n'oge niile.[19]

Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala

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  • Machị 2011 - onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-eme njem na-ada mgbe ọ na-alọta site na cha cha na Connecticut na New York City. Mmadụ iri na ise nwụrụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ merụrụ ahụ.[20] Ọ bụ ezie na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala ahụ, onye a chọpụtara na ọ dị ọcha, gọnahụrụ ihi ụra, otu onye lanarịrị nke hụrụ ihe mberede ahụ kọrọ na ọ na-agba ọsọ ma na-ehi ụra.[21]

Ndị uwe ojii / ndị ọrụ nchekwa

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  • Disemba 1947 - a kwụrụ onye uwe ojii Washington, D.C. ụgwọ $ 75 maka ihi ụra mgbe ọ nọ n'ọrụ.[22]
  • Ọktoba 2007 - akụkọ CBS kpughere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị nche iri na abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia bụ ndị e tinyere na vidio na-ehi ụra mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ.[23]
  • Disemba 2009 - The New York Post bipụtara foto nke onye nche ụlọ mkpọrọ na-ehi ụra n'akụkụ onye mkpọrọ na ụlọ mkpọrọ Rikers Island. A na-ekwu na e jidere foto ahụ na igwefoto ekwentị nke onye nche ọzọ. A dụrụ ndị nche abụọ ahụ aka ná ntị maka omume a, onye ọrụ na-ehi ụra maka ihi ụra na onye ọrụ na'ọrụ nke weere foto ahụ maka imebi iwu ụlọ mkpọrọ machibidoro ekwentị mkpanaaka mgbe ọ nọ n'ọrụ. A maghị onye mkpọrọ ahụ.[24]

Ndị ọzọ

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  • Machị 1987 - Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchịkwa Nuklia nyere iwu ka a mechie Ụlọ Ọrụ Na'Oké Mkpụrụ Mkpụrụ Mikwa Mkpụrụ Mmetụta Mmetụta N'Oké Nchịkwa Mmetụta Mgbe a chọtara ndị ọrụ anọ na-ehi ụra mgbe ha nọ n'ọrụ.[25]

Hụkwa

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  • Mmiri ara
  • Ike ụra

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Where do all the paperclips go- and ... - Google Books
  2. ↑ Streetwise restaurant management: a ... - Google Books
  3. ↑ Henry. "6 Companies (Including Uber) Where It's OK to Nap", Inc., September 4, 2015. Retrieved on May 12, 2017.
  4. ↑ Herrera. "Take Naps at Work. Apologize to No One.", The New York Times, June 23, 2017. Retrieved on May 12, 2018.
  5. ↑ Zimmerman. "It's Time To Start Taking Naps At Work", Forbes, February 1, 2018. Retrieved on May 12, 2018.
  6. ↑ Effectively managing troublesome ... - Google Books
  7. ↑ Create your own employee handbook: a ... - Google Books
  8. ↑ On Hiring: Sleeping on the Job - Chronicle.com
  9. ↑ "Survey: One-third of workers catching zzz's on job - CNN.com".
  10. ↑ Tempur-Pedic 2009 Wellness Survey. Archived from the original on 2011-05-26. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.
  11. ↑ Sleeping on the Job. Psychology Today. Retrieved on 20 February 2019.
  12. ↑ Hales. "Why employers need to help workers get good sleep", ABC News, 2016-10-24. Retrieved on 2018-08-13. (in en-AU)
  13. ↑ Yoskovitz. "Sleeping Under Your Desk", Instigator Blog, November 30, 2011. Retrieved on 28 March 2014.
  14. ↑ Burnham. "Sleeping on Duty is Customary, New York Policemen admit", The Milwaukee Journal, December 16, 1968, p. 1. Retrieved on 17 April 2011.
  15. ↑ Steger. "The Japanese art of (not) sleeping", BBC, 6 May 2016.
  16. ↑ Benedictus. "The art of the urban nap: let's lose the stigma of public snoozing", The Guardian, 7 July 2015.
  17. ↑ Italian air traffic controllers suspended for sleeping on duty: Luton Airport News Stories. Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
  18. ↑ NTSB: Air traffic controller fell asleep, leaving planes on their own. Archived from the original on 2011-03-26. Retrieved on 2011-03-30.
  19. ↑ "Air traffic chief resigns after series of lapses", CBS NEWS, 14 April 2011. Retrieved on 15 April 2011.
  20. ↑ "14 dead in NYC tour bus accident", CT Post, March 12, 2011. Retrieved on 15 April 2011.
  21. ↑ "Lawyer: NYC bus driver sober, awake before crash", CT Post, March 24, 2011. Retrieved on 15 April 2011.
  22. ↑ "Policeman Fined $75 for Sleeping While on Duty", 1947-12-14.
  23. ↑ The Raw Story | Video shows nuclear plant guards sleeping on the job
  24. ↑ "Photo Catches N.Y. Prison Guard Sleeping on Job in Front of Inmate", Fox News, AP, December 29, 2009. Retrieved on 17 April 2011.
  25. ↑ "SLEEPING ON THE JOB LEADS TO SHUTDOWN OF REACTOR", New York Times, April 1, 1987. Retrieved on 17 April 2011.

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