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Ịgba ígwè

ịzụrụ ngwaahịa ndị na-eduga na obere ihe mkpofu

Precycling bụ omume nkè ibelata ihe mkpofu site n'ịgbalị izere ịzụta ihe ndị ga-emepụta ihe mkpofu n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ azụmaahịa. Ụlọ ọrụ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kwukwara na precycling bụ usoro kachasị mma màkà njikwa ihe mkpofu siri ike n'ihi na ọ na-ebibi ihe mkpofu na isi iyi ya ya wee wepụ ihe mkpofu tupu e mepụta ya.[1][2] Dị ka EPA si kwuo, a na-egosikwa precycling dị ka usoro mkpebi màkà ónyé na-azụ ahịa n'ihi na ọ na-agụnye ime mkpebi ziri ezi gbasara ihe mkpofu ngwaahịa.[3] Mmetụta ndị ónyé na-azụ ahịa na-atụle gụnyere: ma ngwaahịa nwéré ike iji ya mee ihe ọzọ, na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụ na-edozi ya; nke e ji ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ ndị a na'adịghị eme ka ọ dịghachi ọhụrụ mee ihe; nkè a na-etinyebiga ihe ókè; na ma akpa ahụ nwèrè ike iji mee ihe ọzọ.[4]

Banyere

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Precycling nwèrè ikike iwulite ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi, na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke na-enye ohere ka a gbanwee ngwaahịa ochie ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọhụrụ.[5]

  • Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe: na-eme ka nnwere onwe site na ihe ndị na-agbakọta, dị ka ọla dị arọ, mmanụ ala, ihe ndị aka mere, wdg.
  • Akụ na ụba: mepụta akụ na ụba gburugburu
  • Ecological / gbụrụ-gbúrụ ebe obibi: ikike màkà ebe obibi okike sara mbara na nke dịgasị ichè iche ebe a na-eweghachi ihe onwunwe na okike
  • Mmekọrịta: gbasaa ikike nkè precycling iji gboo mkpa ónyé ọ bụla

Njikọ nke njikwa ihe mkpofu

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Ihe atọ nké izizi na-eme màkà njikwa ihe mkpofu bụ "Bido, Reuse, Recycle". Precycling na-ekwusi ike "belata na iji ya eme ihe ọzọ", mgbè ọ na-eji ma na-ajụ ajụjụ banyéré ike na ewu ewu nke okwu ahụ bụ "recycle". Na mgbakwunye na atụmatụ a, precycling na-agụnye R anọ ọzọ: Repair, Recondition, Remanufacture na Refuse.[6] Ihe mkpofu bụ ihe onwunwe nkè enwere ike iji ya mee ihe ọzọ, megharịa ya, weghachite ya, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ya.[7] Precycling dị iche na ụdị mgbochi mkpofu ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ọ na-agụnye ọ bụghị otu omume, kama ọtụtụ.[8]

Mbelata

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Reduce bụ ụdị precycling nke na-enye ohere màkà nchekwa nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike ma na-echekwa ego màkà ónyé na-emepụta, onye na-azụ ahịa, na ónyé njikwa ihe mkpofu.[9] Ọzọkwa, mbelata isi iyi dị irè na-ebelata mbelata nke ihe onwunwe gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eme ka ndụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa ihe mkpofu dị ogologo, ma mee ka ọkụ na ebe a na-ekpofu ihe dị nchebe site n'iwepụ ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu.[2]

Iji ya eme ihe ọzọ

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Ọ bụ ezie na precycling na-eji ihe ọmụma nke okwu recycling, ọ ka dị mkpa iburu n'uche ọdịiche dị n'etiti recycling na mgbochi.[10] Ébé ọ bụ na precycling na-elekwasị anya na mgbochi nke mmepụta ihe mkpofu, nke a na-agụnye na a na-eme ihe tupu ihe, ihe, ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa aghọọ ihe mkpofu.[10] Ọ bụ ezie na imegharị ihe bụ ụdị precycling nke na-agụnye ime ihe tupu a hapụ ihe mkpofu dị ugbu a na okike.[5] Recycling bụ usoro ebe a na-anakọta ihe ndị a tụfuru atụfu, hazie, hazie ha, ma jiri ha mee ihe na mmepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ.[11] Ógè ọ bụla mmadụ na-etinye aka n'omume nke imegharị ihe, ha na-enyere aka ịbawanye ahịa ma belata ọnụahịa.[9] Otú ọ dị, nyocha dị ugbu a sitere na American Plastics Council na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị Pasent iri abụọ na ise nke ikike mmegharị nkè mba ahụ ka a na-eji.[12]

Nrụzi

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Nrụzi bụ ụdị precycling nké na-edozi mmejọ akọwapụtara na ngwaahịa, agbanyeghị, ogo nkè ngwaahịa a rụziri arụzi dị ala karịa ihe ndị a rụgharịrị ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a rụrụ arụgharị.[13] Otu nnyocha chọpụtara na pasenti iri isii na asatọ nke ndị zaghachirinụ kwenyere na idozi abụghị ihe dị ọnụ ala ma chọọ ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị ka reconditioning ma ọ bụ remanufacturing.[13]

Atụmatụ na-enweghị ihe mkpofu

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Ụzọ mkpofu efu na-ezube igbochi kama ibelata mkpofu.[14][15] Zero-waste na-agafe imegharị ihe iji tinye usoro ahụ dum, nké gụnyere ihe onwunwe na ihe mkpofu na-aga site na ọha mmadụ.[15] Ụkpụrụ a na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka mmegharị ahụ dịkwuo ukwuu, belata ihe mkpofu, belata oriri ma hụ na a na-eji ngwaahịa eme ihe ọzọ, na-edozi ma ọ bụ na-emegharị ya n'ime okike ma ọ bụ ahịa.[15] Usoro mgbochi a nwèrè ike ịchịkwa ma dị irè karịa usoro mmụba nke na-elekwasị anya n'iji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata mmetụta n'ihi na ọ dị obere ma nwee obere ozi, nke na-enye ohere itinye aka n'ihu ọha.[14]

Nkwado

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N'ihe gbásárá nkwado, a na-ejikọkarị okwu ahụ n'onwe ya na ihe mgbochi akụ na mmezi nke ọnọdụ dị ugbu a karịa uto na ọganihu.[16] Otú ọ dị, site na mmejuputa usoro nchịkwa na-enweghị ihe mkpofu, omume na-adịgide adịgide nwèrè ike ịkwanye ọnọdụ ahụ iji mepụta ọha mmadụ nwere ike imepe, na teknụzụ na ọdịbendị dị elu, dị ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ na mmepụta, na-eche echiche site na iji ihe ndị a na-apụghị imezigharị, na dịgasị iche, ọchịchị ónyé kwuo uche ya, na ihe ịma aka.[16]

Ịkwalite mmata

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A na-enwe mmata ọha na eze banyéré mkpa màkà mmepụta na oriri na-adịgide adịgide.[17] Otu mkpọsa nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwalite mmata banyéré precycling lekwasịrị anya na ma omume ndị mmadụ na-akọ onwe ha nwèrè mmetụta site na ikpughe mgbasa ozi precycling na redio, telivishọn, ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ahịa.[18] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwubiri na nsonaazụ kachasị dị irè sitere na itinye ụgwọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-akpọtụrụ mkpali dị mkpa iji tinye aka na omume precycling.[19]

Mmejuputa

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Iji mezuo omume na omume precycling nkè ọma, ọha na eze chọrọ ka ọ dị "ike", "na-etinye áká", "na a na-agba ume", na "ihe atụ" na mbọ ha na-agba itinye aka na precycling.[20]

Ọ bụghị naanị na ndị na-azụ ahịa nwèrè ike ịme precycling, mana ụlọ ọrụ nwekwara ike isonye. Ịzụta site n'aka ndị na-eweta akụkụ, iji kemịkal mee ihe ọzọ, na mbelata nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-enweghị isi bụ ụzọ ọtụtụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na mba ndị na-ewere ya n'onwe ha iji mejuputa omume ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide nké kwekọrọ na ụkpụrụ precycling.[21] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Fonterra belatara nkwakọ ngwaahịa ya site na mmejuputa nke ibu, iji ya eme ihe ọzọ na imezigharị ya.[7] Ọzọkwa, Waste Management New Zealand mepụtara Recycle New Zealand, nké nyere enyemaka na-elekwasị anya na nchịkọta nke ihe ndị enwere ike ịmegharị ma hazie tupu ọrụ nke ibelata, imegharị, ma ọ bụ weghachite. N'ịga n'ihu, òtù azụmahịa n'efu nwèrè ike ịga n'ihu na-etinye usoro precycling site na ịchọpụta atụmatụ a dị ka ụzọ ọhụrụ iji belata iwu na ịkwalite nnwere onwe imepụta ihe.[22]

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Greyson (2006). "An economic instrument for zero waste, economic growth and sustainability". Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007): 1382–1390. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.019. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gillian (1996). "Teaching the concept of precycling: a campaign and evaluation.". The Journal of Environmental Education 28 (1). DOI:10.1080/00958964.1996.9942810.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ReferenceA" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ O'Leary (1999). "Source Reduction: Final Report". Decision Maker's Guide to Solid Waste Management 2. 
  4. ↑ O'Leary (1999). "Source Reduction: Final Report". Decision Maker's Guide to Solid Waste Management 2. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Greyson (2006). "An economic instrument for zero waste, economic growth and sustainability". Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007).  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ReferenceB" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ King (2006). "Reducing waste: repair, recondition, remanufacture or recycle?". Sustainable Development 14 (4): 257–267. DOI:10.1002/sd.271. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Seadon (2010). "Sustainable waste management systems". Journal of Cleaner Production 18 (16). DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.07.009.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Jeffrey K 2010" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ Cox (2010). "Household waste prevention - a review of evidence". Waste Management & Research 28 (3). DOI:10.1177/0734242x10361506. PMID 20215491. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hammer (2007). "Enviroshopping: Buy Smarter".  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Enviroshopping: Buy Smarter" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Cox (2010). "Household waste prevention - a review of evidence". Waste Management & Research 28 (3). DOI:10.1177/0734242x10361506. PMID 20215491. 
  11. ↑ King (2006). "Reducing waste: repair, recondition, remanufacture or recycle?". Sustainable Development 14 (4). DOI:10.1002/sd.271. 
  12. ↑ Krug (2009). "It's Easy to be Green". 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 King (2006). "Reducing waste: repair, recondition, remanufacture or recycle?". Sustainable Development 14 (4). DOI:10.1002/sd.271. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Greyson (2006). "An economic instrument for zero waste, economic growth and sustainability". Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007). DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.019. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Curbside Cleanup (2012). "Garbage & Recycling". Earth 7. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Seadon (2010). "Sustainable waste management systems". Journal of Cleaner Production 18 (16). DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.07.009. 
  17. ↑ Hopewell (2009). "Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1526). DOI:10.1098/rstb.2008.0311. PMID 19528059. 
  18. ↑ Gillian (1996). "Teaching the concept of precycling: a campaign and evaluation.". The Journal of Environmental Education 28 (1). DOI:10.1080/00958964.1996.9942810. 
  19. ↑ Gillian (1996). "Teaching the concept of precycling: a campaign and evaluation.". The Journal of Environmental Education 28 (1). DOI:10.1080/00958964.1996.9942810. 
  20. ↑ Cox (2010). "Household waste prevention - a review of evidence". Waste Management & Research 28 (3). DOI:10.1177/0734242x10361506. PMID 20215491. 
  21. ↑ Seadon (2010). "Sustainable waste management systems". Journal of Cleaner Production 18 (16). DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.07.009. 
  22. ↑ Greyson (2006). "An economic instrument for zero waste, economic growth and sustainability". Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007). 
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