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Ịgụ Ihe Dị Mkpa

 

Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. (RIF) bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụmụaka kacha ochie na nke kachasị ukwuu na United States. RIF na-enye akwụkwọ (ebipụta na dijitalụ) na ihe ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka n'ụwa niile na nkwado agụmakwụkwọ maka ndị nkụzi, ezinụlọ, na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo obodo.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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N'afọ 1966, mgbe ọ na-agụrụ ụmụaka akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Washington, D.C., Margaret McNamara, nwunye odeakwụkwọ nchekwa nke United States Robert S. McNamara juru ya anya ịnụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ enweghị akwụkwọ nke ha. Site n'enyemaka nke Lynda Johnson Robb na Arthur White, ahụmahụ Margaret McNamara nwere na 1966 dugara n'ịmepụta Reading Is Fundamental (RIF), otu ụmụaka na-enweghị uru nke na-enyefe ịgụ na ide nke raara onwe ya nye ime ka ịgụ ihe bụrụ akụkụ na-atọ ụtọ ma baa uru nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị.[1][2]

Mgbe nzukọ nhazi mbụ ya na ndị nkụzi ndị ọzọ nọ na DC, McNamara nwetara onyinye $ 150,000 site na Ford Foundation iji kwado ọrụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọelu na District of Columbia n'afọ 1967, gụnyere mwepụta nke bookmobile iji mụbaa iru n'èzí klas. [3]N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma RIF nwere na Washington, Ford Foundation mụbara onyinye RIF ruo $ 285,000 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 1968, na-enyere RIF aka ịmalite mmemme iri gafee mba ahụ. N'oge ọnwụ McNamara na 1981, RIF nyere "ihe karịrị nde ụmụaka 3 dara ogbenye na nde akwụkwọ 37.[4]

Malite n'afọ ndị 1970, RIF malitere ịnata ego gọọmentị etiti kwa afọ nke mere ka nzukọ ahụ gbasaa iru na mmetụta ya maka ụmụaka nọ n'obodo niile, na-elekwasị anya na ụmụaka nọ n"ihe ize ndụ gụnyere ndị si n'obodo ndị na-enweta ego dị ala, na-ebi na nlekọta nkuzi, na-enweghị ebe obibi, ndị nwere ndị nne na nna nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ na-egosi mkpa dị elu. N'ịbụ onye e nyere ikike na iwu gọọmentị etiti, RIF mere nkwekọrịta na Ngalaba Mmụta US iji jikwaa National Inexpensive Book Distribution Program ruo ihe karịrị afọ 30.[5]

N'afọ 2001, Carol Rasco, onye bụbu onye ndụmọdụ nke Onye isi ala Bill Clinton na mgbe e mesịrị Odeakwụkwọ nke agụmakwụkwọ nke United States Richard Riley, ghọrọ onye isi ala na onye isi oche nke RIF, na-anọchi onye bụbu onyeisi oche nke Mahadum Bryant William E. Trueheart onye jere ozi n'ọrụ ahụ site na 1997 ruo 2001. [6]Ruth Graves duziri nzukọ ahụ site na 1975 ruo 1997. [7][8]N'afọ 2011, Congress wepụrụ mmefu ego nke ndị omeiwu na-eme ma si otú a nweta ego gọọmentị etiti maka RIF. [9][10]RIF wee malite ịgbanwe ihe nlereanya ya iji nweta ego iji gaa n'ihu na ọrụ mmemme ya site na ndị mmekọ ụlọ ọrụ, ntọala, na ndị na-enye onyinye n'otu n'otu.[11]

N'afọ 2015, RIF wepụtara nsonaazụ nke Read for Success, nyocha nyocha afọ abụọ nke enyemaka sitere na Ngalaba Mmụta kwadoro. Read for Success na-elekwasị anya n'ịkpali ụmụaka ịgụ akwụkwọ site n'inye ohere ịnweta nchịkọta akwụkwọ klas dị elu, akwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ịhọrọ ma nwee, na-eme ka ọrụ klas STEAM dịkwuo mma, mmepe ọkachamara maka ndị nkuzi na ndị nne na nna. RIF na-aga n'ihu na-enye mmemme Read for Success.[12]

N'afọ 2016, RIF mere emume ncheta afọ iri ise ya na oriri ncheta ọmụmụ mba nke sitere na Amidon Elementary School na Washington, D.C. ebe mmemme mbụ nke RIF rụrụ ọrụ. Rasco hapụrụ RIF n'otu afọ a, Alicia Levi nọchiri ya dị ka onye isi oche ọhụrụ na onye isi oche ugbu a.[13]

Kemgbe Levi sonyeere RIF, e nyere nzukọ ahụ onyinye Skybrary, ọrụ eBook site na Reading Rainbow na LeVar Burton na 2019, mere RIF's National Reading Coalition mbụ iji lekwasị anya na mmetụta nke ụmụaka na-agụ akwụkwọ na njikere ọrụ, malite Race, Equity na Inclusion ma na-aga n'ihu na-elekwasị anya n'ịhụ na ụmụaka niile nwere nhọrọ na ịnweta akwụkwọ na ihe onwunwe.

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, RIF ejerela ụmụaka 100 nde ozi ma kesaa ihe karịrị nde akwụkwọ 450.[14]

Ihe omume

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Ihe omume RIF bụ Books for Ownership nke na-enyere ụmụaka aka ịhọrọ akwụkwọ (s) n'efu iji gaa n'ụlọ ma debe ya.[15]

RIF na-enye Read for Success, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara - 3rd grade mgbakwunye ọgụgụ mmemme e mere iji melite ọgụgụ ma gbaa ume maka agụụ maka ịgụ ihe. Ihe omume dabeere na ihe akaebe dabeere na nyocha sara mbara nke na-egosi na ma ịgụ ụmụaka na ịgụ onwe ha bụ isi ihe ndị mejupụtara mmepe ịgụ na ide.[12]

Malite na 2019, Skybrary, RIF's interactive, digital library for educators, children and families na-enye ọtụtụ narị akwụkwọ ụmụaka na video field trip iji tinye aka na ndị na-eto eto na-agụ ma gbaa ume maka agụụ maka ịgụ akwụkwọ.[16]

N'afọ 2017, RIF malitere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya n'efu, Literacy Central (www.RIF.org/Literacy-Central), ebe ntanetị maka ndị nkuzi, ezinụlọ, na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-agụ akwụkwọ iji nweta ọtụtụ puku ihe ntanetị n'efu ejikọta kpọmkwem na akwụkwọ ụmụaka hụrụ n'anya na ndị nkuzi na-agbanye kwa ụbọchị. Portal ahụ na-enye ngwaọrụ iji hazie ma debe ihe ndị a na-agụ n'otu ebe na ndepụta akwụkwọ a na-ahazi, atụmatụ nkuzi a na-ebipụta, ihe omume, egwuregwu, ịgụ akụkụ, kalenda, na vidiyo.[17]

RIF na-enye ọnụ ụzọ ntanetị, Literacy Network (www.RIF.org/Literacy-Network) iji nye ndị otu RIF ndụmọdụ, ngwaọrụ na ihe onwunwe. Ma ndị otu obodo na-achọ nduzi mmejuputa mmemme, omume kachasị mma, webinars ma ọ bụ nkwado agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ iji mee ka mmetụta, ha nwere ike ịchọta ya na Literacy Network. RIF na-enyekwa ya mmemme na-etinye akwụkwọ n'ịntanetị.

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Lynda Johnson Robb (en). The Institute of Politics at Harvard University. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved on 2020-05-23.
  2. ↑ Times (September 5, 2014). Arthur H. White, 90; set up innovative public polling firm - The Boston Globe (en-US). BostonGlobe.com. Archived from the original on 2022-07-25. Retrieved on 2020-05-23.
  3. ↑ Bender. "Books for Fun and Their Very Own (Published 1972)", The New York Times, 1972-05-07. Retrieved on 2021-01-07. (in en-US)
  4. ↑ Deaths, a February 16, 1981, article from Time magazine.
  5. ↑ US Department of Education (2014-05-05). Reading is Fundamental-Inexpensive Book Distribution Program. US Department of Education. Archived from the original on 2014-05-01. Retrieved on 2014-05-05.
  6. ↑ Carol Rasco | HuffPost (en). www.huffingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on 2022-07-25. Retrieved on 2018-07-28.
  7. ↑ "Ruth P. Graves, executive of children’s literacy group", Washington Post. Retrieved on 2022-08-20. (in en-US)
  8. ↑ Mead. "Interview: Carol Rasco, Reading is Fundamental", Children's Books and Reviews, 2010-10-30. Retrieved on 2018-07-28. (in en-US)
  9. ↑ "Reading Is Fundamental Funding Eliminated", Huffington Post, 2011-03-04. Retrieved on 2018-12-07. (in en-US)
  10. ↑ The source explains
  11. ↑ D'Arcy. "Reading is Fundamental (unless it's too expensive)", Washington Post, 2011-11-03. Retrieved on 2018-07-28. (in en)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Read for Success Overview and Program Details. rif.org (2022-05-20). Archived from the original on 2022-06-30. Retrieved on 2022-05-20. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ Charity Navigator - Rating for Reading Is Fundamental (en). Charity Navigator. Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved on 2018-11-26.
  14. ↑ Impact (en). RIF.org. Archived from the original on 2018-12-07. Retrieved on 2018-12-07.
  15. ↑ "Books and socks paired up for kids", The Kokomo Tribune, August 15, 1989, p. 11. Retrieved on July 25, 2022.
  16. ↑ Welcome to Skybrary. www.rif.org (2022-05-20). Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved on 2022-05-20.
  17. ↑ Welcome to Literacy Central. www.rif.org (2022-05-20). Archived from the original on 2022-05-20. Retrieved on 2022-05-20.

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