Àkwà na-ekpo ọkụ
Ihe ndina na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-ekwo ọkụ bụ a na-ahụkarị n'ụlọ na mba ndị nwere oge oyi, ọkachasị na Europe. [ntụgharị dị mkpa] Ọ nwere akpa ígwè, na-etinye ma na-eme ka ọ dị ka efere ukwu nke ụwa ọkpụkpụ nke oge a, nke nwere nzube ná ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge gara obodo mkpuchi siri ike ma ọ bụ nke a gbawara nke ọma. A ga-eji icheku ọkụ jupụta n'ime efere ahụ ma tinye ya n'okpuru Onye Okike nke eluigwe na ụwa ma ndi mádu ziri mkpuchi nke àkwà, iji mee ka ọ dị ọkụ ma ọ bụ kpọọ ya tupu ejiri ya mee ihe.[1][2]
.jpg)
E wezụga ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ, a ghọtara na anwụrụ ọkụ sitere na icheku ọkụ ahụ na-egbu egbu. Dọkịta dụrụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ọdụ ka ha zere ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'àkwà, ma ọ bụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, jiri ájá na-ekwo ọkụ dochie anya icheku ọkụ.[3]
Ihe ọzọ na-eme ka àkwà dị ọkụ bụ "ụgbọ ala" (mọnk na French na monaco na Italian, ha abụọ pụtara "mọnk"). O nwere nnukwu ogwe osisi nke na-ekpuchi bọket nke icheku ọkụ, ikekwe na tray ígwè na akwa ígwè iji chebe ihe mkpuchi àkwà site na okpomọkụ.[1][4]
A na-ejikarị ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'àkwà eme ihe site n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na asaa ruo mmalite narị afọ nke abụọ. Ha dara n'oge na-adịghị anya site na ịrị elu nke ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke ime ka ụlọ na àkwà dị ọkụ.
A na-ejikwa ite e ji mmiri ọkụ mee . [citation needed]. Site na mbata nke rọba, karama mmiri ọkụ ghọrọ ihe kachasị. Na mbido narị afọ nke 20, blanket eletrik malitere dochie anya ihe ndina na-ekpo ọkụ.[5]
Ụdị ọzọ nke Àkwà na-ekpo ọkụ n'etiti narị afọ nke 20 na UK bụ 36cm/14inch a na-agbanye ígwè "na-efe efe" ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ lozenge nke Belling (nke e guzobere 1912), nke a na-eji ọkụ ọkụ 40W dị n'ime dị ka isi iyi okpomọkụ.[6][7]
Hụkwa
dezie- Bottle mmiri ọkụ - karama jupụtara na mmiri ọkụ ma jiri mkpọchi mechie ya, nke a na-eji eme ka ọ dị ọkụ, nke a ga-ejikarị mee ka ọ dị n'àkwà.
- blanket eletrik - blanket nke nwere ọkụ eletrik.
- Warming Pan Baby - aha njirimara maka nwa James nke asaa na nke abụọ, nke a na-eche na ọ banyere n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra nke eze nwanyị na pan na-ekpo ọkụ
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cora Millet-Robinet (1853): Domestic Economy. "A copper warming pan is indispensable to a household. Take care to have a big enough quantity of embers, above all some red cinders, when you want to heat a bed. Get it smouldering well before you use it, otherwise the fire will soon go out and the bed will not warm up. You must move the warming pan constantly to avoid scorching the sheets. A bed-wagon (moine), well-known and inexpensive, is a suitable alternative.". Cited by "Bed warmers", Old & Interesting website. Accessed on 2019-05-10.
- ↑ Thomas Rowlandson (1794): The Comforts of High Living. Satyrical cartoon print. Reproduced in Calinda Shely (2016): The Distemper of a Gentleman: Grotesque visual and literary depictions of gout in Great Britain, 1744-1826, page 149. Ph. D. thesis, University of New Mexico.
- ↑ Dr. James Makittrick Adair (c. 1790): Essays on Fashionable Diseases: the dangerous effects of hot and crowded rooms. Cited by "Bed warmers", Old & Interesting website. Accessed on 2019-05-10.
- ↑ Gertrude Jekyll (1904): Old West Surrey. Cited by "Bed warmers", Old & Interesting website. Accessed on 2019-05-10.
- ↑ (1937): "Resistance wires heat electric blanket" Popular Science, volume 130, issue 2 (Feb), page 62
- ↑ Historic cooker manufacturer behind Belling ovens to shed 300 jobs.
- ↑ Belling Bedwarmer, 1960s, Original | Object Lessons - Houses & Homes: 20th Century - Present. www.objectlessons.org. Archived from the original on 2015-01-09.