Usòrò:Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg

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NkówáPhylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg	English: Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein. Bootstrap values were calculated from 1000 trees. 1118 amino acid positions in Pol were included. The scale bar indicates the estimated number of substitutions per 20 amino acids. All abbreviations for the coronaviruses were the same as those in Figure 1.
Ǹgụ́ụ̀bọ̀chị̀	24 Ọgọọst 2010
Mkpọlọ́gwụ̀	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/
Odé ákwụ́kwọ́	Patrick C. Y. Woo, Yi Huang, Susanna K. P. Lau, and Kwok-Yung Yuen

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	Èhì/Ogè	Mbọ-aka	Ógólógó na asaá	Òjìème	Nkwute
dị ùgbu â	02:42, 7 Maachị 2020		571 × 451 (75 KB)	Guest2625	Uploaded a work by Patrick C. Y. Woo, Yi Huang, Susanna K. P. Lau, and Kwok-Yung Yuen from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185738/ with UploadWizard

Ojiji faịlụ

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Nje Korona

Ejiji failụ zụrụ ọha

Wikis ndi a edeputara na eji kwa failụ a:

Ihe eji na bn.wikipedia.org
- করোনাভাইরাস
Ihe eji na en.wikipedia.org
- Coronavirus
Ihe eji na fa.wikipedia.org
- کروناویروس
Ihe eji na fr.wikipedia.org
- Coronavirus
Ihe eji na sq.wikipedia.org
- Koronavirusi
Ihe eji na su.wikipedia.org
- Koronavirus

Ómárí nso

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Ȯ bụ nà usòrò à gabnwere shí òtù ȯ di nà mgbe mbu, ótù ụmà àgághị è zí ya.

Íshí nhuunuche	The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, Deltacoronavirus, which includes bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12 and munia coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4´10-4 to 2´10-2 substitutions per site per year. Recombination in coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine coronavirus, between feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in coronaviruses.
Odé ákwụ́kwọ́	Patrick C. Y. Woo
Short title	Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis
JPEG file comment	The drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, Deltacoronavirus, which includes bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12 and munia coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4´10-4 to 2´10-2 substitutions per site per year. Recombination in coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine coronavirus, between feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in coronaviruses.
Keywords	coronavirus genome bioinformatics

Usòrò:Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg

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Usòrò:Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg

Mmẹkụwátá

Nkwényé

Nkowapụta

Ihe ndị egosiri na faịlụ a

depicts Bekee

phylogenetic tree Bekee

copyright status Bekee

copyrighted Bekee

ikike nwebiisinka

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Oge/afọ mmalite

24 Ọgọọst 2010

MIME ụdị

image/jpeg

Ịta nke usòrò

Ojiji faịlụ

Ejiji failụ zụrụ ọha

Ómárí nso

depicts ^Bekee

phylogenetic tree ^Bekee

copyright status ^Bekee

copyrighted ^Bekee

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported ^Bekee