Wikipedia

Mike Auret

onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nkwado Zimbabwe

Michael Theodore Hayes Auret (14 Disemba 1936 - 10 Eprel 2020) bụ onye ọrụ ugbo, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị onye Zimbabwe. Onye Katọlik ji okpukpe kpọrọ ihe, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche na mgbe e mesịrị onye nduzi nke Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace na Zimbabwe (CCJP) site na 1978 ruo 1999. Ọ bụkwa onye nnọchiteanya nke Harare Central site na 2000 ruo 2003, mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm ma kwaga mba ọzọ. na Ireland.

Mike Auret
Member of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe for Harare Central
[[ Ambassador to Templeeti:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office
Templeeti:En dash range
Preceded byFlorence Chitauro
Succeeded byMurisi Zwizwai
Personal details
Born14 December 1936
Umtali, Southern Rhodesia (now Mutare, Zimbabwe)
Died10 Eprelụ 2020(2020-04-10) (aged 83)
Cloghan, County Offaly, Republic of Ireland
Political partyMovement for Democratic Change
OccupationFarmer, politician
Military service
AllegianceFederation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Branch/serviceFederal Army
Southern Rhodesian Army
Years of service1956–1966
RankCaptain

Amụrụ na Mutare, Southern Rhodesia, ma zụlite na mpaghara Mberengwa, Auret sitere na ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ St. George's College na 1955, ọ jere ozi na ndị agha nke Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland na Southern Rhodesia afọ iri. Ọ malitere ọrụ ugbo na Mberengwa site na 1966 ruo 1978, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ sonyeere òtù Katọlik maka ikpe ziri ezi na udo. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ natara ọkwa ntinye aha n'aka ndị ọrụ nchekwa Rhodesia na kama ịdebanye aha, ya na ezinụlọ ya gbagara United Kingdom. Ọ laghachiri na Zimbabwe nọọrọ onwe ya na 1980 wee maliteghachi ọrụ ya na CCJP. N'ime 1980s, ọ duru ndị otu ahụ na-agba mbọ idetu ma kwụsị na mgbuchapụ Gukurahundi, nke ndị agha nke ọchịchị Prime Minister Robert Mugabe duziri na Matabeleland.

Auret hapụrụ kọmitii ahụ na 1999 wee tinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide Mugabe na òtù ZANU-PF na-achị ya. N'afọ 2000, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu maka Movement for Democratic Change nke e guzobere ọhụrụ. N'etiti ime ihe ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-arịwanye elu na akụkọ na-adịghị mma, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na 2003 wee kwaga, nke mbụ na Cape Town, South Africa, wee gaa County Offaly, Ireland, ebe ọ nọgidere ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2020.

Ndụ mbụ na ozi agha

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Michael Theodore Hayes Auret mụrụ na 14 Disemba 1936 na Umtali, Southern Rhodesia.[1] [2] [3] Onye si n'agbụrụ ndị Huguenot biri na South Africa, o si n'ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo bụ́ ndị biri n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Southern Rhodesia. Nna ya, Smiley Auret, rụrụ ọrụ ugbo na Belingwe District, ebe Auret ga-emesịkwa rụọ ọrụ ugbo.[4] Auret malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nọn Dominican dị na Umtali, wee mụọ akwụkwọ site na 1947 ruo 1955 na kọleji St. George nke Jesuit na isi obodo Salisbury, ebe nna ya bụbu otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ na 1898. [1][2]

O bu ụzọ mee atụmatụ ịghọ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik ruo mgbe ọ zutere ma lụọ nwunye ya, Diana Doherty, na 1958.[1][2][3][4][5] Na 1956, o sonyeere ndị agha nke Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland wee nọrọ na Ndola, Northern Rhodesia.[1][2] Mgbe Federation mebiri na 1963, ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ wee sonye na ndị agha South Rhodesian.[1][2] Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye isi na 1966, obere oge ka Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence gasịrị. . [1][2]

Ọrụ na ime ihe ike

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Rhodesia

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Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ndị agha na 1966, Auret gara n'ihu na-elekọta ugbo ehi 27,000-acre na Belingwe, ihe dị ka kilomita 200 (120 mi) site na Bulawayo.[1][2][3] Na ntụzịaka na ntụli aka n'iwu nke 1969, Auret gbara mbọ megide nnabata nke ụdị gọọmentị mba nke ga-akwụsị njikọ Rhodesia na ọchịchị eze Britain.[2] Ndị na-atụ vootu obodo bụ ndị ọcha kwadoro usoro iwu ahụ a tụrụ anya, na Rhodesia ghọrọ mba na 1970.[2] Na 1974, Auret enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịzọ ọkwa nzuko omeiwu maka mpaghara mpaghara Bulawayo.[4] N'ịnọchite anya Rhodesia Party na-agafeghị oke, ọ tụfuru na pasent 22.5 nke votu ahụ nye onye omebe iwu nọ n'ọchịchị, Alec Moseley nke Rhodesian Front, onye nwetara pasentị 77.5 nke votu 1,613. Na mbido 1977, n'oge agha Rhodesian Bush, ndị oji ojii gbagburu ụlọ onye enyemaka onye njikwa ugbo Auret, mana gbanarị ụlọ Auret na akụrụngwa ugbo ya.[2][5] Ndị agha ahụ hapụrụ akwụkwọ abụọ, otu n’ime ha kwuru sị, “Anyị anaghị akpọ ndị ọcha asị, anyị hapụrụ ihe onwunwe gị n’ihi na ị bụ enyi ndị mmadụ."[3]

N'afọ 1978, Auret hapụrụ ọrụ ugbo wee malite ịrụ ọrụ maka Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Rhodesia (CCJP), otu nzukọ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na-etinye ya na gọọmentị na-emegide. [1] [2] [4][5][6] Ọ bụ ọchịchọ ikpughe arụrụala agha nke ndị agha Rhodesia, bụ ndị tara ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ya ahụhụ, kpaliri ya.[2][4][5][7] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ natara ọkwa n'aka ndị agha nchekwa Rhodesian. [2] [6][7] Auret nọ na Rom na ndị bishọp Rhodesia abụọ na njem CCJP izute Popu John Paul nke Abụọ, a dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ ghara ịlaghachi Rhodesia.[2][7] Nwunye ya na ụmụ ya jiri akọ kpoo ihe ha wee hapụ obodo ahụ.[2][8] Mgbe ha gbakọtara na Rom, ezinụlọ ahụ gara Switzerland na United Kingdom, ebe e mesịrị nye ha ọnọdụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.[2][8][7] N'ebe ahụ, Auret rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge iji kwado ezinụlọ ya.[2] N'afọ 1979, mgbe ọ ka nọ n'ebe a chụgara ya, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya ndị Rhodesian na United States na-achọ enyemaka iji mee ka mmalite nke mkparịta ụka udo dị mfe.[2] Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, mkparịta ụka mere, nke dugara na Nkwekọrịta Ụlọ Lancaster, nke kwụsịrị agha ahụ ma dozie ọnọdụ maka ịmegharị Rhodesia dị ka Zimbabwe nke mba ụwa nabatara, nke nwere onwe ya.[2]

Kọmitii Katọlik Maka Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Udo na Gukurahundi

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Auret laghachiri Zimbabwe n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ntuli aka 1980 nke kpebiri gọọmentị na ụlọ omebe iwu mbụ nke mba ahụ. [2][8] Ọ malitere ọrụ na-azụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ojii.[2] Ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace na Zimbabwe, ma malite idepụta arụrụala ndị agha Zimbabwe mere n'oge ogbugbu Gukurahundi na mpaghara Matabeleland. [2] [8][4] Auret haziri nzukọ na 16 Machị 1983 na State House na Harare n'etiti onwe ya, ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị bishọp Katọlik, na Praịm Minista Robert Mugabe, na mgbalị ịkwụsị igbu ọchụ ahụ.[2][4][5][6] Ndị bishọp nọ ebe ahụ gụnyere Achịbishọp nke Bulawayo, Heinrich Karlen, onye enyemaka bishọp nke Mutare Patrick Mutume, na Bishọp of Chinhoyi, Helmut Reckter . [4] N'ihi nzukọ ahụ, Mugabe wepụrụ iwu a machibidoro iwu ma kpọọ kọmitii nyocha iji nyochaa ime ihe ike ahụ.[2] Karlen nyere ọtụtụ ihe akaebe ọ chịkọtara, mana mgbe kọmitii ahụ kwubiri ọrụ ya na 1984, Mugabe gbochiri ka a tọhapụ nchọpụta ya.[2] The Legal Resources Foundation, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, chọrọ iwu ụlọ ikpe maka ntọhapụ ha, mana ekweghị ka a tọhapụ ya.[2]

N'okpuru nduzi Auret, CCJP ga-amalite nyocha nke ya iji hụ na a ga-edekọ ime ihe ike ahụ n'ihu ọha. [2] [6][9] Akụkọ ahụ, nke CCJP na Legal Resources Foundation bipụtara ma nye ya na Auret Mugabe, akpọrọ "Breaking the Silence: Building True Peace. " [2] [6] [9] [4] [5] O mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka mmadụ 20,000 nwụrụ ma ọ bụ pụọ n'oge Gukurahundi, nke were site na 1983 ruo 1987.[8] Achịbishọp nke Harare, Patrick Chakaipa, onye ya na Mugabe jikọrọ aka, leghaara akụkọ ahụ anya, ọ bụkwa naanị Achịbisọp Karlen na otu onye Katọlik ọzọ nwere mmetụta kwadoro ya. [2] [5] O nweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na Zimbabwe n'oge ahụ, mana e zigara ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Mail & Guardian nke South Africa, nke kọrọ banyere ya ma bipụta ya n'ịntanetị.[2]

Na 5 June 1986, ndị uwe ojii jidere Auret, ya na onye nduzi CCJP Nicholas Ndebele.[10] A tọhapụrụ ha ka e mesịrị n'ụbọchị ahụ mgbe nwunye Auret, Diana, kpọrọ Praịm Minista Mugabe.[10] Mugabe kwuru na ya enyeworị iwu ka a tọhapụ ha.[10] Na nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ na Harare n'echi ya, Auret kelere praịm minista ahụ ma kwuo na ya kwenyere na e jidere ya na Ndebele n'ihi na minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụlọ, Enos Nkala, na-enyo CCJP enyo na ọ na-enye Amnesty International, otu ndị na-eche nche na London, ozi gbasara ikike mmadụ na Zimbabwe.[10] Auret gbakwunyere na CCJP zutere Nkala na Disemba 1985 iji gọnahụ ebubo ahụ, mana na o chere na Nkala ekwere ha.[10]

Auret jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke CCJP ruo 1990, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke nzukọ ahụ. [1] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 1999, Onye isi ala Mugabe yiri egwu megide Auret n'oge okwu a na-eme na telivishọn.[11] Auret lara ezumike nká na CCJP na 1999.[2][6][8]

Ọchịchị mmegide na ntuli aka maka ndị omeiwu

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Auret sonyeere National Constituent Assembly (NCA) mgbe e guzobere ya na 1997, ma jee ozi dị ka osote onyeisi oche mbụ ya n'okpuru Morgan Tsvangirai . [8] [7][12] Ọ sonyeere Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) e guzobere ọhụrụ na 1999, ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa onye omeiwu na June 2000 maka Harare Central.[2][4][5][6][12] A họpụtara ya n'ọnwa Eprel nke afọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ onye MDC na-azọ ọkwa na mpaghara ahụ karịa Learnmore Jongwe, odeakwụkwọ nke pati ahụ maka ozi na mgbasa ozi, na Paurina Gwanyanya, odeakwụkwọ maka ọrụ.[13] O meriri na vootu 14,207, na-emeri onye bụbu osote onye isi obodo Harare, Winston Dzawo nke ZANU-PF, onye nwetara vootu 3,620, yana ndị na-erughị eru abụọ.

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2001, onye ọrụ ibe ya nwere njikọ na ZANU-PF dọrọ Auret aka ná ntị na ndị isi nọ n'ime òtù na-achị achị na-eme atụmatụ "iwepụ" onye ọcha a ma ama na MDC na ngwụcha ọnwa ahụ.[14] MDC nwere ndị omeiwu ọcha atọ n'oge ahụ, Auret, David Coltart, na Trudy Stevenson.[14] Stevenson wepụrụ onwe ya ma kwuo na ya chere na onye a ga-achọ ga-abụ ma ọ bụ Auret ma ọ bụ Coltart, bụ ndị Mugabe na-akatọkarị n'okwu.[14] Coltart kwupụtara nkwupụta Stevenson na kọntaktị US State Department. Coltart kwuru na ọ natara ozi site na isi mmalite atọ, gụnyere Clive Puzey, onye ọrụ ibe MDC nwere njikọ na Central Intelligence Organization, na ya - ọ bụghị Auret - bụ onye a lekwasịrị anya.[14]

Ndụ na ọnwụ

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N'etiti ime ihe ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-arịwanye elu na akụkọ na-adịghị mma, Auret gbara arụkwaghịm n'oche ya na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu na 27 Febụwarị 2003. [2][15] Ọ kwagara Cape Town, South Africa, na Ireland, ebe o biri na County Offaly ma rụọ ọrụ maka Chọọchị Katọlik. [2] [5][6][7][16] O dere akwụkwọ, From Liberator to Dictator: An Insider's Account of Robert Mugabe's Descent into Tyranny, nke e bipụtara na 2009, ebe ọ kọwara otú o si kpee ebumnuche Mugabe ikpe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na nnwere onwe na 1980. [2] [6] O kwuru n'otu ihe omume na London n'afọ 2007 na ọ "anabataghị na [Mugabe] bụ onye Marxist kwenyesiri ike nakwa na ọ chọrọ otu steeti".[2]

Auret nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya na Cloghan, County Offaly, Ireland, na 10 Eprel 2020.[2][4][6][8][17] N'ihi ntụziaka ndị isi ọrụ ahụike megide nnọkọ ọha na eze n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, emere olili ozu ya na nzuzo.[17] Na nkwupụta e bipụtara na ibe Facebook ya, Movement for Democratic Change kpọrọ Auret "onye dike na onye hụrụ mba n'anya," ma nye ezinụlọ ya ọmịiko.[12] Senator David Coltart, onye ya na Auret rụkọtara ọrụ na nyocha Gukurahundi nke CCJP, kwuru, "Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ezigbo dike Zimbabwe, ọ bụ Mike. " [6] Onye isi oche MDC Nelson Chamisa, onye maara Auret site na NCA na MDC, kọwara ya dị ka "onye agha siri ike, onye na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ... HERO anyị!" [8] Otu nkwupụta nke Nzukọ Ndị Bishọchị Katọlik na Zimbabwe ji mwute mụta ọnwụ nke Maazị Michael Auret... ọ pụtara ìhè na ịkwalite ikike mmadụ na udo.[18][4]

Ndụ ezinụlọ na nke onwe onye

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Auret lụrụ nwunye ya, Diana, ruo afọ 63.[2][4][6][7][17] Ha nwere ụmụ anọ, Peter, Margaret, Stephen, na Michael Jr.[2][4][6][7][17] Ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị biri na Australia.[17] Auret bụ onye Katọlik na-anụ ọkụ n'obi. [2] [6][7] Ihe ndị sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ya gụnyere Popu John Paul nke Abụọ, Popu Francis, na Fr. Patrick Galvin, onye ụkọchukwu Irish na South Africa.[4][6]

Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ugbo ya na Belingwe, Auret biri na Harare n'ụlọ dị n'otu acre nke ala nwere ọdọ mmiri.[19] O nwekwara ụlọ ezumike dị nso na Nyanga.[19] Mgbe ọ kwagara Ireland, ọ biri n'obodo Cloghan, County Offaly, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.[16][17]

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 (1991) Who is Who in Zimbabwe. Harare: Roblaw Publishers, 13.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 Thornycroft. "Mike Auret (1936–2020): A lifelong campaigner to reveal the truth about Zimbabwe's independence", Daily Maverick, 1 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Templeeti:Cite magazine
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Makoni. "Mike Auret, long-time Zimbabwe activist, dies", The Tablet, 1 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Mufuka. "Obituary: Michael Auret's life was a witness to faith", The Standard, 1 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 April 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 "Human Rights Champion Mike Auret Dies", The Southern Cross, 2 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 "Mike Auret has died", The Zimbabwean, 1 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":6" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 "Tributes paid to 'true Zimbabwean hero' Mike Auret who died in Ireland", ZimLive, 1 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":5" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "'The people have spoken' according to Zimbabwe's Mnangagwa", RTÉ, 2 November 2017. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 "Catholic Human Rights Leader Is Freed in Zimbabwe", AP, 6 June 1986. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
  11. ↑ Simmermacher. "Year-end Review 1999", The Southern Cross, 3 December 1999. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "MDC Mourns Mike Auret", The Zimbabwean, 1 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":10" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ Chinowaita. "Auret Tipped For Harare Central", The Standard, 1 April 2000. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 "ZANU-PF planned to "take out" a white MP", The Insider, 2 June 2012. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
  15. ↑ Tsiko. "Legislator Auret Quits Parliament", The Herald, 2 February 2003. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lambe. "Zimbabwean exile tells poignant story in book", Gorey Guardian, 7 August 2012. Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":12" defined multiple times with different content
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 The death has occurred of Michael Auret. RIP.ie (1 April 2020). Retrieved on 11 May 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":13" defined multiple times with different content
  18. ↑ Ndlovu. "MDC senior official dies", Bulawayo24 News, 1 April 2020. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Keller. "Zimbabwe Whites Find The Good Life Is in Peril", The New York Times, 3 August 1993. Retrieved on 11 May 2020.
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