Mary Edwards (human computer)

Mary Edwards (human computer)
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwanyị Dezie
mba o sịKingdom of Great Britain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Dezie
Aha enyereMary Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaEdwards Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya1750 Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya1815 Dezie
nwaEliza Edwards Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụmathematician, Onye na-enyocha mbara igwe, human computer Dezie

Mary Edwards (c. 1750 – Septemba 1815) bụ kọmpụta mmadụ maka British Nautical Almanac na otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole na-akwụ ụgwọ ozugbo site na Board of Longitude, na iji kpata ego n'ọrụ sayensị n'oge ahụ. [1]

Ọ bụ otu n'ime kọmpụta mmadụ iri atọ na ise ndị gbakọrọ ọnọdụ anyanwụ, ọnwa na mbara ala n'oge dị iche iche n'ụbọchị maka agụmakwụkwọ ụgbọ mmiri kwa afọ a na-eji eme njem n'oké osimiri. [2]

Ọrụ dezie

Ewebata Edwards na oru almanac na Nevil Maskelyne, onye England Astronomer Royal nke ise, site n'aka di onye ụkọchukwu ya bụ Revd John Edwards (c. 1748–1784) [3] onye werela obere ọrụ dịka kọmpụta iji gbakwunye ego ezinụlọ wee nata ụgwọ ọrụ na uru ọnwa 6 nke almanac ọ bụla site na 1773 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1784. E kpughere na Meri mere ọtụtụ n'ime mgbakọ ahụ mgbe o degaara Maskeline akwụkwọ ka ọ jụọ ma ọ ga-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado onwe ya na ụmụ ya nwanyị mgbe di ya nwụsịrị. [4] [5] [6] Na ọnwụ di ya, Mary Edwards weghaara ọrụ mgbako ya na oge niile yana dịka naanị isi iyi ego ya. O nwere ike ịbụ na Maskelyne maara kemgbe na o mere mgbakọ ahụ n'ihi na ọ gara leta ezinụlọ ahụ ọtụtụ oge. Otú ọ dị, mgbe Maskeline nwụrụ na 1811 ọ chọpụtara na ọhụrụ Astronomer Royal John Pond enyeghị ya ọrụ zuru ezu. Ndị Board nke Longitude mechara kpebie na ọdọ mmiri ga-aga n'ihu na-ekenye ya ọrụ. [7] Ka oge na-aga, aha ya maka ntụkwasị obi na izi ezi pụtara na ọ nwere ike ịmalite ọrụ ọzọ. Ọ gara n'ihu ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1815. [8]

Ezinụlọ dezie

Nwa ya nwanyị, Eliza Edwards (1779-1846), rụkwara ọrụ dị ka kọmpụta, na-enyere aka site na nwata wee nwee onwe ya mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị na 1815. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka Nautical Almanac ruo 1832, bụ ụbọchị a na-arụ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na London [9] na na HM Nautical Almanac Office ọhụrụ enweghị ebe maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na iwu ndị ọrụ obodo mere ka ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị sie ike. [7]

Nkwenye dezie

Obere mbara ala 12627 Maryedwards ka akpọrọ aha na nsọpụrụ ya. [10]

Na 2016 Ludlow Civic Society kpebiri itinye Blue Plaque na ụlọ mbụ ya na 4 Brand Lane, Ludlow, Shropshire, iji kwado ọrụ ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ "kọmputa". [3]

Hụkwa dezie

  • Ndepụta ndị ọkachamara mgbakọ na mwepụ ụmụ nwanyị
  • Ụmụ nwanyị na kọmputa
  • Ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọrụ
  • Akụkọ banyere sayensị

Ntụaka dezie

  1. Croarken (October–December 2003). "Mary Edwards: Computing for a Living in 18th-Century England.". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 25 (4): 9–15. DOI:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253886. Retrieved on 19 October 2012. 
  2. Palimpsests, patronage and (negative) publicity in a Maskelyne cache. Board of Longitude project blog. Royal Museums Greenwich (7 August 2012). Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved on 19 October 2012.
  3. 3.0 3.1 [1]Shropshire Star report, 11 May 2016.
  4. Pain (13 March 2004). "Lady of longitude". New Scientist 181 (2438). ISSN 0262-4079. 
  5. Higgitt. Longitude, ladies and computers. The Board of Longitude project blog. Retrieved on 19 October 2012.
  6. Edwards. Correspondence [with the Board of Longitude concerning petitions of Mary Edwards for remuneration in consideration of her past services]. Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved on 2 May 2015.
  7. 7.0 7.1 (2009) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics. OUP Oxford, 397. ISBN 9780199213122. 
  8. Papers of Nevil Maskelyne. Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives. Retrieved on 19 October 2012.
  9. Croarken (2014). in Higgitt: Maskelyne: Astronomer Royal. London: Robert Hale Ltd. 
  10. Lutz D. Schmadel, Dictionary of Minor Planet Names: Sixth Revised and Enlarged Edition (Heidelberg [etc.]: Springer, 2012), p. 823.