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Plato
[[Usòrò:Plato Silanion Musei Capitolini MC1377.jpg|thumb|Plato]]
Plato (/ˈpleɪtoʊ/;[1] Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn "broad"pronounced [plá.tɔːn] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher and mathematician in Classical Greece. Plato was the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world, and is almost universally considered the most essential figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. His oeuvre has survived intact for over 2500 years, and he is arguably one of the greatest, if not the greatest, writer in the entire Western canon.
Plato bụ ọkàọmụma na ọdọmgbakọọdọ-mgbakọ na Oge gbooOgegboo Greece. Plato bụ nchoputa nke Academy n'Atens, ewumewu nke mbu nke mmụta dikarika elu na ụwa Ọdịdaanyanwụ , nakwana atụlewo ọfọrọntaatụlewo ụwa-ni dika mmaduọfọrọ-nta kasị- mkpa na ịzụlite nkàọmụmankeọmụma, tumadukarịsịa na omenala Ọdịdaanyanwụ. Ahu-edemede (canon) ya etisaghị ihe karịrị 2500 afọ-ov (s) 2500, ọzọkwana ọ bụ ya bụ achọghị- ịzụ-ni otu nke kasị ukwuu, ọ bụghị n'onye kasị ukwuu, ọdọ-ede nọ na Ahungbakọ-edemedeede Ọdịdaanyanwụ dum .
AlongTinyere withọdọ-nkụzi his teacherya, Socrates and hisya mostamụrụvi famouskasị studentama, Aristotle, Plato laidtọrọ thennọọ veryntọala foundationsnke ofnkà Westernihe philosophyọmụma andna sciencenkàmmụta Ọdịdaanyanwụ.[2] Alfred North Whitehead oncesi notedotu mgbe kwuru, sị: "thenke kasị safestdịrị generalnchebe characterizationn'ozuzu ofakparamagwa thenke European philosophicalọdịnala traditionnkàọmụma isbụ thatna itọ consistsna ofmejupụtara a seriesnsorosoro ofnke footnotesededeala tomaka Plato. "[3] In addition toTụkwasị beingn'ịbụ a foundationalmmadu figurentọala formaka Westernnkàmmuta scienceỌdịdaanyanwụ, philosophynkàọmụma, andna mathematicsnkàmgbakọ, Plato hasha alsotukwara oftenya beenaka citeddị aska oneotu ofn'ime thembido-vi-ob foundersnke ofọnọdummụọ Western spiritualityỌdịdaanyanwụ, particularlytumadu ChristianityọnọduKraịst, whichnke putara na Friedrich Nietzsche, amongstn'etiti otherndị scholars,ọzọ calledọkà "Platonismmmụta for, theakpọrọ people."Platoomi ọha.’
Tinyere ọdọ-nkụzi ya, Socrates na-amụrụvi kasị-ama, Aristotle, Plato tọrọ nnọọ ntọala nke nkàọmụma na nkàmmụta Ọdịdaanyanwụ. Alfred North Whitehead si otu mgbe kwuru, sị: "nke kasị dịrị nchebe n'ozuzu akparamagwa nke ọdịnala nkàọmụma European bụ na ọ na mejupụtara nsorosoro nke ededeala maka Plato. "[3] Tụkwasị n'ịbụ mmadu ntọala maka nkàmmuta Ọdịdaanyanwụ, nkàọmụma, na nkàmgbakọ, ha tukwara Plato aka dị ka otu n'ime mbido-vi-ob nke ọnọdummụọ Ọdịdaanyanwụ, tumadu ọnọduKraịst, nke putara na Friedrich Nietzsche, n'etiti ndị ọzọ ọkà mmụta , kpọrọ "Platoomi ọha.’
Nrubeime Plato nrubeimewo n’elu elulo ChristianChristianu a na-eche ha cheworo na ọ gbugbowo site na mmetụta isi elummetụta Saint Augustine nke Hippo, otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa ọkàọmụmabọkàọmụma Christian na ọdọ- okpukpeobokpukpe na-ogegaraga. Plato bụkwarabụ ngbanwevi nke nkata na ziza (form)-ob (s), nkàechiche na nkàọmụma, nke sitere na ya. Plato dịkwa ka nchoputavi nke nkàọmụma ndọrọọchịchị Ọdịdaanyanwụ , ya na Ọchiotutu (republic), na Iwu n’ettitin’ettit nkata-ob ndị ọzọ , na-enye ụfọdụ agwọọrịa n'ime ndị mbụ agwọọrịa nke ajụjụobajụjụ-ob ndọrọọchịchị ndị si na nkàọmụma anya-disi (perspective ).▼Plato's influence on Christian thought is often thought to be mediated by his major influence on Saint Augustine of Hippo, one of the most important Christian philosophers and theologians in history. Plato was also the innovator of the dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy, which originate with him. Plato also appears to be the founder of Western political philosophy, with his Republic, and Laws among other dialogues, providing some of the earliest extant treatments of political questions from a philosophical perspective.
Plato bụ Atenvi nke ọmumu eze; ghọrọ amụrụvi Socrates. Ọ buwo nchekwube ọdọejije tupu ya - abịa n'okpuru ndunihu Socrates , nakwa ọ ga-enye olu n’ọnwụ nke Socrates na-ejijeogi zizaob (forms) na Ngbahalu na nkpakọrita yiriwo na isi oge kacha. E mesịrị Plato jere ozi dị ka onye nkụzi nke Aristotle ihe karịrị afọ 20 tupu Aristotle putara ka ọ chọpụtara onwe ya ulọ-akwọ, Lyceum, nakwa ọ mmetụtakacha ọfọrọnta ulọ-akwụkwọ ọ bụla nkàọmụma Grik, na ndị Stoik, na Neoplatonviob ikekwe na-egosi metukachara elulo metukacharaha. Plato bụkwara onyenkụzi ọchigbovi nke Daịọnisiọs onye Syracuse, na onye ọ nwara ikpe ihu ọma na-ahụ ka ọ nkàọmụma emejuputa okweizi-ob (principles) na omume, n'ihi ọ dikwara emowo site Epicurus dị ka " Dionysiokolakes ", ma ọ bụ a" okwuireụtọvi nke ọchigbo’. ▼▲Nrubeime Plato n’elu elulo Christian ha cheworo na ọ gbugbowo site na mmetụta isi elu Saint Augustine nke Hippo, otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa ọkàọmụmab Christian na ọdọ-okpukpeob na-ogegaraga. Plato bụkwara ngbanwevi nke nkata na ziza (form)-ob (s), nkàechiche na nkàọmụma, nke sitere na ya. Plato dịkwa ka nchoputavi nke nkàọmụma ndọrọọchịchị Ọdịdaanyanwụ , ya na Ọchiotutu (republic), na Iwu n’ettiti nkata-ob ndị ọzọ , na-enye ụfọdụ agwọọrịa n'ime ndị mbụ nke ajụjụob ndọrọọchịchị ndị si na nkàọmụma anya-disi (perspective).
Ndị ọzọ n'oge bubun ndidi ilo nke Plato buwo Mgwoakavi (Materialist)mgwooruvi, nkpurivi (atomist) Democritus, onye ahaọma-ni Plato ledaworo ukwuu nke ọ ga-anakọta dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya, nwere ji kpọọ ha ọkụ, [7] na Diogenes nke Sinope, ma ọ bụ Diogenes na Cynic, onye Plato na-akpọ "otu Socrates puwo ara", na onye, kọrọwo-ni, mgbe Plato gwara Diogenes na ọ gaghi eji aka ya asa onwe ya salad ma ọ bụrụ na ọ mụtara e nyewo Daịọnisiọs nsọpụrụ , zaghachiri na, ọ bụrụ na Plato mụtara na-asa ya onwe ya akwọnriba (salad ), ọ "ga-enweghị-abụ ohu nke Daịọnisiọs." [8]▼Plato was an Athenian of noble birth, became a pupil of Socrates, had been an aspiring dramatist before coming under Socrates' tutelage, and would give voice to the death of Socrates in dramatic form in the Apology and related early dialogues. Plato later served as the teacher of Aristotle for over 20 years before Aristotle left to found his own school, the Lyceum, and was a major influence on nearly every subsequent school of Greek philosophy, with the Stoics and Neoplatonists perhaps showing the most marked Platonic influence on their thought. Plato was also the teacher of the tyrant Dionysius of Syracuse, with whom he attempted to court favor and see his philosophical principles implemented in practice, for which he was savagely mocked by Epicurus as "“Dionysiokolakes", or a "flatterer of tyrants", [5]although the episode recounted in Plato's famous Seventh Letter ended in abject failure, with Plato narrowly escaping death.[6] Other early rivals of Plato included the materialist atomist Democritus, whom Plato was reputed to have despised so greatly that he would collect as many of his works as possible in order to have them burned, [7] and Diogenes of Sinope, or Diogenes the Cynic, whom Plato called "a Socrates gone mad", and who, reportedly, when Plato told Diogenes that he would not have to wash his own salad if he had learned to be more polite to Dionysius, replied that, if Plato had learned to wash his own salad, he "would not have to be the slave of Dionysius."[8]
▲Plato bụ Atenvi nke ọmumu eze; ghọrọ amụrụvi Socrates. Ọ buwo nchekwube ọdọejije tupu ya-abịa n'okpuru ndunihu Socrates , nakwa ọ ga-enye olu n’ọnwụ nke Socrates na-ejijeogi zizaob (forms) na Ngbahalu na nkpakọrita yiriwo na isi oge kacha. E mesịrị Plato jere ozi dị ka onye nkụzi nke Aristotle ihe karịrị afọ 20 tupu Aristotle putara ka ọ chọpụtara onwe ya ulọ-akwọ, Lyceum, nakwa ọ mmetụtakacha ọfọrọnta ulọ-akwụkwọ ọ bụla nkàọmụma Grik, na ndị Stoik, na Neoplatonviob ikekwe na-egosi elulo metukachara.
Plato bụkwara onyenkụzi ọchigbovi nke Daịọnisiọs onye Syracuse, na onye ọ nwara ikpe ihu ọma ka ọ mejuputa nkàọmụma okweizi-ob (principles) na omume, n'ihi ọ dikwara emowo site Epicurus dị ka " Dionysiokolakes ", ma ọ bụ ‘okwuireụtọvi nke ọchigbo’.
▲Ndị ọzọ n'oge bu ndi ilo nke Plato buwo Mgwoakavi (Materialist), nkpurivi (atomist) Democritus, onye ahaọma-ni Plato ledaworo ukwuu nke ọ ga-anakọta dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya, nwere ji kpọọ ha ọkụ, [7] na Diogenes nke Sinope, ma ọ bụ Diogenes na Cynic, onye Plato na-akpọ "otu Socrates puwo ara", na onye, kọrọwo-ni, mgbe Plato gwara Diogenes na ọ gaghi eji aka ya asa onwe ya salad ma ọ bụrụ na ọ mụtara e nyewo Daịọnisiọs nsọpụrụ , zaghachiri na, ọ bụrụ na Plato mụtara na-asa ya onwe ya salad, ọ "ga-enweghị-abụ ohu nke Daịọnisiọs." [8]
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