Bakolori Dam

dam na Nijaria

Bakolori Dam dị na Sokoto State na northwest Nigeria .  Emechara ya na 1978, ebe nchekwa ya juputara na 1981. Ọ bụ nnukwu ɔdɔ mmiri dị n'osimiri Sokoto, nke dị n'àgwà osimiri Rima nke na-ebutekwa osimiri Naịja .  Mmiri si na mmiri ahụ na-enye ọrụ Bakolori Irigation Project

Bakolori Dam

[1]Ihe ahụ nwere ikike nke nde cubic 450, ebe nchekwa mmiri na-ekpuchi hectare 8,000 na- 19 km (12 mi) elu.

Mwube mmiri ozuzo chụpụrụ ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ala na-enyeghị ala ọzọ ma ọ bụ ụgwọ ego. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nwụrụ na ngagharị iwe maka ihe ha ji ebi ndụ. [2] Amara oru ngo a dika ihe omuma atu nke ọdịda mmepe. [3]

ndabere

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Pịa Sokoto mpaghara na mpaghara Sudan Savannah nke nkụ nke dị n'ebe ugwu Nigeria.  Aadịghị atụ anya oke mmiri mmiri kwa awụ, site na ike ise mm ruo 1,300 mm kwa afɔ n'ime oge June – September.  Tupu e wuo mmiri mmiri ahụ, ihe dị ka puku iri ise na ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'osimiri Sokoto na-arụ ọrụ ugbo siri ike, na-akụ osikapa na sorghum n'oge mmiri na ihe mmetụta dị ka eyịm, galik na  tomato n'oge ọkọchị.  [1] Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji omume Shadoof nke ibuli mmiri n'osimiri wụba n'ọwa mmiri ma ọ bụ ɔdɔ mmiri.  Ụmụ nọ nchọ na purdah eji arụ ọrụ n'ubi mana ha nwere ikike nwe ma na-enyere aka n'ịhazi.  Ụmụ ndị na-anọpụghị iche na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ụkpụrụ ugbo.  [2] Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-enwe ala ahụ n'otu obodo na- akwụkwọ akụkọ nke nwe ya [4]

Ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ógbè ahụ, ndị bi n'ọkwa nri, nwere nchegbu karịa izere ihe ize ndụ karịa ịba ụba uru. Mpaghara ahụ na-enwe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo site n'oge ruo n'oge, na ọchịchọ maka inweta mmiri kwụsiri ike bụ otu n'ime ebumnuche e ji rụọ mmiri mmiri ahụ.

Nhazi

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Na 1969, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo (FAO) nyere na-atụ aro obere mmiri mmiri mmiri mmiri mmiri na Talata Mafara, nke nwere ihe ozi ndị ọzọ dị elu maka idei mmiri.  Akụkọ FAO kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị iji ojiji na-enwe ike dị nta na usoro iji ala eji eme ihe, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi ozi na ọrụ ịgba mmiri na mpaghara ahụ.  N'afọ 1971, ndị na-agha Naijiria sere ngosi maka imewe na nke nke ọrụ ahụ na, na 1972, nyere Impressit Bakolori Nigeria ọrụ ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ nke ọma Naijiria nwere 60% na 40% nke ndị isi nke Fiat .  N'ime oge ruo ọnwụ 1972 1974, oke ọrụ a imara iji otu nnukwu mmiri mmiri na nnukwu àjà ogbugba mmiri n'ubi.  Achọghị ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ịka ahụ na usoro nhazi ọ dịghị ihe ọkụ e mere maka ụgbọ ala

Ihe owuwu

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Sokoto River Basin, na-egosi ebe mgbochi mmiri ahụ dị

A ahụmahụ mmiri mmiri ahụ n’afọ 1974 ma wuchaa ya n’afọ 1978, mgbe nke ahụ́, o were awụ atọ tupu olulu mmiri ahụ ikike.  Igwe mmiri ahụ bụ 5.5 km (3 mi) embankment dị n'ụwa, nke nwere ihe owuwu etiti 360 m ogologo na 48 m elu na-etinye obere ọkụ eletrik 3 MW.  Emecha tube ruok mmiri mmiri na mmiri mmiri 1983 wee họrọ naanị hectare 23,000 ma e jiri ya jee hectare 30,000 ezubere na mbụ.  E butere mmiri na hectare 15,000 site n'ịfesa ihe na ike ndọda ruo hectare 8,000.  Ndị na-efesa mmiri dị ọnụ, mana ha na-eji mmiri eme ihe nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ na edobere ya nke ọma.  Mgbe ọnụ aha gafechara, ọrụ ịgba mmiri ahụ mechara bụrụ otu n'ime ọnụ ahịa kacha ọnụ kwa hectare n'ụwa..

Ịrụ mmiri mmiri ahụ, nke na-eme ka ala dị njikere, ikpo na iwu ọwa mmiri mebiri ala ubi na osisi bara uru.  Ndị ọrụ obodo ahụ ozi ndị ọrụ ugbo na- ike ala.  Ọtụtụ enwetaghị ọrụ, ma ọ bụ nye ha ala na- ike uru.  A manyere ndị ebe ahụ okpomọkụ ihe kpatara ha na-amabughị dị ka ọka wit.  [1] Mgbe a na-arụ ihe owuwu, a napụrụ ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n’ihe ahụ ihe ha ga-eji na-akpa afọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ.  N'ịbụ ndị na-eme ọnụ iwe chere ihu na Nọvemba 1979, Gọvanọ Sokoto State, Shehu Kangiwa, kwere nkwa na ya ga-edozi ọgwụ ha nile.  map, na 28 1980 ndị uwe ojii batara na ndị na-agụ iwe na-ejighi ngwa wee gbuo ihe ọmụmụ ụmụ 380. Gọọmenti kpa mkparị ihe merenụ, na-ekwu na ọ bụ mmadụ 25 nwụrụ. [2]

Mmetụta mgbada ala

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Ihe osise nke osimiri Sokoto na-egosi mmiri mmiri Bakolori na ọrụ ịgba mmiri

Ndị ọrụ nọ n'okpuru idei mmiri ka e were mmiri buru ibu tupu oge na-eto eto, na-belaba oke mmirika ma emesịa ka ha na-arụ ọrụ ugbo nbi idei mmiri.  [1] Ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmiri na-anabataghị a, na-ahapụ mmiri na- ike ezu n'oge na- mmetụta.  [2] Ihe Ozi mmiri ahụ ahụ nke ọma nke ọma nrịgo kacha elu elu yana omimi, oge na oke idei mmiri na-agbada n'oge oge udu mmiri.  [1] [3] O mekwara ka mmiri dị n'ahụ ugboala, ebe ọ bụ na nnukwu mpempe mmiri dị n'ebe dị ọkụ na nke nkụ na-efunahụ nnukwu ikuku.  [4] N'ebe ndị dị n'okpuru ala, n'ime mkpokọta hectare 19,000 nke ide mmiri, mmiri mmiri mmiri ahụ butere mfunrị osikapa dị hectare 7,000 na ihe omume 5,000 nke oge ọkọchị.  [3] Akwụsịla mfu a site na iko nke njikere ọka millet na sorghum dị obere, mana a manyere mmadụ 12,000 ntụga.  [5] Ejila ihe mfu a rụpụtara n'ihe ugbo na US$7 nde kwa afọ [5]

Ebe nchekwa mmiri na ogbugba mmiri n'ubi

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Ebe nchekwa mmiri ahụ nwere obere mpaghara litoral, nke na-amachi oke ebe a na-azụ anụ na ebe a na-elekọta nke ọtụtụ ụdị azụ.  Mmiri ahụ na-agbagwojuru anya, na-ejide ụmụ irighiri ihe n'ala ụfọdụ tụrụ na- miya ọkụ ma na-ahụ uto nke osisi ndị dị n'ime mmiri nke azụ na-adabere maka nri.  Nke a na- achị ikike nke ịhụnanya mmiri maka azụ.  [1] Ebe nchekwa mmiri adịghị echere ihe akụkụ osimiri na mmiri mmiri ndị sitere n'okike na ɔdɔ mmiri.  [2] N'ebe a na-agba mmiri, mmiri dị elu na-abụ ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke evaporation na-akpata salinization, nke mebiela ọkara nke ala mmiri.  E nkata dị elu nke ọrịa ndị sitere na mmiri.  [3] M ikowebata ụdị cowpea ọhụrụ ndị akụ ọkpọ na millet, sorghum na RSS enwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'ihi ihe osisi ọdịnala a dị obere na ọnụ nke usoro ịgba mmirika. [6]

Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2003, sistemu sprinkler adịkwaghị arụ ọrụ na naanị hectare 7,500 ka a na-akọ, anyị maka osikapa, na-eji ogbugba mmiri n'ike ndọda.  [1] A ruo ala ruo n'ala.  Ọtụtụ ndị bi n’obodo ahụ kpafuru.  [2] mmiri mmiri Bakolori butere mbelata 53% na mpaghara a mkpa n'ubi. [7]

Ndị dere ịhụnanya Wise Use of Wetland nke UNESCO na 1988 kwubiri na "ntụle akụ na nna zuru oke nke àjà a na Bakolori gaara adị mma karịa ngụkọ nke akwadoro ya.." [8]

Ntụaka

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  1. MOHAMMED KUTA YAHAYA (2002). "DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES OF BAKOLORI IRRIGATION PROJECT IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA". Nordic Journal of African Studies 11 (3): 411–430. Retrieved on 2010-01-10. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 (1997) Displacement and the politics of violence in Nigeria. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-10876-9. Displacement and the politics of violence in Nigeria. BRILL. 1997. p. 76. ISBN 90-04-10876-9. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "loveejoy" defined multiple times with different content
  3. David Anderson (1990). Conservation in Africa: Peoples, Policies and Practice. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34990-7. 
  4. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named eawag
  5. de Schutter (2003). Water Resources and Environment Technical Note G.3 Wetlands Management. World Bank. Retrieved on 2015-09-12.
  6. M.O.E. Orode (1984-11-09). Tropical grain legume bulletin, Issue 28. International Grain Legume Information Centre. 
  7. Background on issues relating to Water. United Nations. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved on 2010-01-11.
  8. G. E. Hollis (January–March 1988). Wise Use of Wetlands, Nature and Resources. UNESCO.